İdris-i Bitlisî

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Gravestone in Eyüpsultan

İdris-i Bitlisî (* between 1452 and 1457 in Bitlis or Diyarbakır ; † November or December 1520 in Istanbul ) was an Ottoman historian, poet, translator and calligrapher as well as a high-ranking official and military leader presumably of Kurdish ethnicity. His full name was Mevlana Hakimuddin İdris-i b. Mevlana Husamuddin Ali al-Bitlisi. His Nisba "al-Bitlisi" indicates an origin from Bitlis. İdris-i Bitlisî wrote his main works, the Chronicles Hascht Bihischt and Selim-name , in Persian . He also wrote several essays in Arabic and translations in Persian. Members of his family long ruled as the princes of Bitlis , among whom Scherefhan was the most famous.

In nationally-minded Kurdish circles, İdris is considered a traitor to the Kurdish cause because he handed the Kurds over to the Ottomans. Sometimes İdris-i Bitlisî is also called "Iblis-i Bitlisi" ("The Devil from Bitlis").

Life

His father, Mevlana Husam ad-Din Ali al-Bitlisi, who died in Tabriz in 1495 , was a mystic and scribe at the court of Uzun Hasan , the ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu . Nothing is known about his mother. When Uzun Hasan moved his seat of government from Diyarbakır to Tabriz in 1469, Husam ad-Din went with his family. From an early age İdris got to know life at court and after the death of Uzun Hasan in 1478 he became the personal scribe of the new ruler Sultan Yakup. He served Sultan Yakup until his death in 1491. During this time, İdris wrote the Risâle-i Hazâniyye , in which Sultan Yakup's campaigns to Arrān and Azerbaijan were reported. İdris held high offices at court until 1501 under the rulers Sultan Rustem and Alwand Bey .

İdris-i Bitlisî was initially nişancı of Aq Qoyunlu and thus its head of the State Chancellery. In this function he also wrote a letter of congratulations to Bayezid II in 1485 , which received a lot of attention and recognition. Before the Safavid ruler Shach Ismail gained strength , İdris fled to Istanbul via Mecca and Medina in 1501 or 1502 . There he was commissioned by Sultan Bayezid II to write a chronicle of the house of Osman. The work was named Hascht Bihischt , the "Eight Paradises". This meant the reigns of the eight Ottoman sultans from the founding of the empire to Bayezid II. He completed the Persian-language work within 30 months. However, the sultan refused İdris to pay the promised wages, because he was too lenient with the Persians in his work . İdris asked for permission to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, which was only granted to him after the death of the hostile grand vizier . From Mecca, İdris threatened the sultan in a letter that he would publish the insult in his chronicle if justice was not done. The new Sultan Selim I called him back to court and shortly thereafter received the complete chronicle. In the closing words of the work, İdris describes his misfortune in a şikayet name ("complaint or complaint").

İdris accompanied Sultan Selim I on various campaigns and after the Battle of Çaldiran won the Kurdish tribes against the Safavids for the Ottoman cause. Then İdris received the power of attorney from the Sultan to reorganize the Kurdish territories and to integrate them into the Ottoman administrative system.

İdris-i Bitlisî later wrote a chronicle of the reign of Selim I ( Selim-name or Selim Şah-name ), an unfinished work which was completely edited and published by İdris 'son Abu' l-Fadl. In the introduction to this work İdris mentioned that he wanted to pass on a model of a rule to posterity and also to ensure the continuation of his own name.

İdris-i Bitlisî died in 1520 and was buried in the Eyüp district of Istanbul next to a mosque donated by his wife Zeynep Hatun.

Works (selection)

  • Hascht Bihischt ("Eight Paradises"), a chronicle of the first eight Ottoman sultans
  • Selim-name or Selim Şah-name , one of the most famous representatives of the Selim-name genus
  • al-Ibâ 'ʿan Mawaqi'i' l-Waba , a treatise on the plague and ways to protect yourself from infection, Arabic
  • A Persian translation by Damiris Hayat al-Hayawan ("The Life of Animals") (cf. Hammer-Purgstall Vol. II, p. 518)
  • Risala-i fi'n-Nafs (" Epistles about the soul"), philosophical script, Arabic
  • An explanation ( sharp ) to Schabistaris Gulsschan-i Raz ("rose flower of the secret" at Hammer-Purgstall)
  • An explanation of the Chamriyya (“Ode to Wine”) by Ibn al-Farid
  • An explanation of Fusus al-Hikam ("Ring Stones of Divine Wisdom") by Ibn Arabi
  • Notes ( Haschiyya ) on the Koran exegesis ( Tafsīr ) Baydawi
  • A Persian translation of the 40 hadith

See also

literature

  • VL Ménage in: Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition, keyword BIDLISI
  • EJ Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936, Vol. II, keyword BIDLISI

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VL Menage Bidlīsī in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition
  2. ↑ See the typical assessment in the Kurdish encyclopedia Kurdica .
  3. ↑ Martin Strohmeier and Lale Yalçin-Heckmann: The Kurds. Beck, Munich 2000, p. 36.
  4. ↑ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: History of the Ottoman Empire, Vol. II, p. 290
  5. ^ VL Ménage in: Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition, keyword BIDLISI
  6. ↑ In detail in Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: History of the Ottoman Empire , Second Volume, Pest 1828, pp. 432–460
  7. ↑ Martin Strohmeier and Lale Yalçin-Heckmann: The Kurds. Beck, Munich 2000, pp. 64-66.
  8. ↑ Ahmet Uğur: The reign of Sultan Selīm I in the light of the Selīm-nāme literature. Berlin 1985, p. 8
personal data
SURNAME İdris-i Bitlisî
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mevlana Hakimuddin İdris-i b. Mevlana Husamuddin Ali al-Bitlisi (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman historian
DATE OF BIRTH between 1452 and 1457
PLACE OF BIRTH Bitlis or Diyarbakır
DATE OF DEATH November 1520 or December 1520
Place of death Istanbul