ʿAbd al-ʿAlī al-Hasanī

Sayyid Abd al-Ali al-Hasani (born December 1, 1893 in Haswa ; † May 7, 1961 ) was an Indian Islamic scholar and chairman of the Nadwat al-ʿUlamāʾ from 1931 to 1961.

Life

al-Hasani was the son of the scholar ʿAbd al-Hayy al-Hasanī (1869–1923), the chairman of the Nadwat al-ʿUlamāʾ (1915–1923), and his first wife Sayyida Zaynab (died 1901). He was the older half-brother of the scholar and later chairman of the Nadwat ulama, Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Hasani Nadwi . During his childhood he studied in Haswa and later in Takiya Kalan from his father, grandfather and other teachers. Later he was tutored by teachers employed at the Dar al-ulum of Nadwat ulama: fiqh , usul al-fiqh and astronomy and geometry . He also learned from Husayn b. Muhsin al-Yamani , an important protagonist of the Ahl-i Hadith . From the end of 1910 he studied at the Dar al-ulum in Deoband . There he was closely associated with the rector of Dar al-ulum, Muhammad al-Hasan , who had relations with al-Hasani's father. There he also learned from Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri , who later became the rector of Dar al-ulum in Deoband.

After studying theology, he began studying classical medicine with his great-grand-uncle and an acquaintance of his father's. In 1919 he received a Bachelor of Science from King College in Lucknow and a doctorate from the Medical College there in 1926. He then worked as an independent doctor in Lucknow. At that time he became a Sufi student of Husayn Ahmad Madani. In 1926 he made the pilgrimage to Mecca. There he took part in the Muslim World Congress convened by the Saudi king as part of the Indian department, during which he received an audience with the Saudi king. He also came into contact with important Arab thinkers such as Raschid Rida , Amir Sakab Arslan and Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Amri al Magribi . He learned from Mahmud b. Ahmad aschShahir and Alfa Hashim al-Futi al-Tigani . In 1928 he was elected deputy chairman by the Nadwa Constituent Council. Since the actual chairman, Ali Hasan Khan , was seriously ill, he de facto took over the leadership of Nadwat ulama.

After his return to Lucknow in 1929, he returned to work there and began training his younger brother Abu l-Hasan. Following Hasan Khan's death in 1931, he was elected chairman of the Nadwa in June of that year. As chairman of the Nadwa, he was a supporter of the Congress movement , as were most of the great scholars of Dar al-ulum in Deoband. He was also concerned about the unity of the Nadwa by addressing the previously split-off Sibli group . He also networked with the Dar al-musannifin in A'zamgarh under the leadership of Sayyid Sulayman Nadwi and Mas'ud Ali Nadwi . He also laid the foundation for relations between the Nadwa and Islamic scholars in the Arab-Islamic countries, primarily in the Hejaz and Egypt . These relationships were later developed under the direction of his brother and successor Abu l-Hasan.

The nepotism on the Nadwa, which had already begun under his father's presidency, was continued by al-Hasani. So his brother Abu l-Hasan became a teacher on the Dar al-ulum of the Nadwa. On July 18, 1940, the Nadwa received a visit from the chairman of the Tabliri Gama'at , Muhammad Ilyas Kandhalawi , which resulted in a strengthening connection between the Nadwa and the Tabliri Gama'at, which intensified in the following decades. Likewise, the organizational structure of the Nadwa was rebuilt by al-Hasani in the sense of a da'wa institution (advertising for Islam). For al-Hasani personally, the deaths of his wife and his spiritual teacher Madani in 1957 were a devastating experience. At that time, his health continued to deteriorate due to the increase in high blood pressure. He died of heart failure in 1961 and was buried in Takiya Kalan. After his death, his brother Abu l-Hasan Nadwi took over the leadership of the Nadwa.

literature

• Jan-Peter Hartung: Life and work of Sayyid Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Ḥasanī Nadwī (1914-1999). (Culture, Law and Politics in Muslim Societies, Volume 6) 2005