ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib

ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib ( Arabic عبد الله بن عبد المطلب, DMG ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ) (born before 545; died around 570) was the father of the Prophet Mohammed .

Life

He came from the Arab tribe of the Quraish in Mecca ; his grandfather was Hashim ibn ʿAbd Manāf, the progenitor of the Hashimites , his father was ʿAbd al-Muttalib . His wife was Āmina ; he probably died before the birth of Muhammad at the age of 25-30, so that the son was raised by his mother and grandfather ʿAbd al-Muttalib. There are several variants of tradition about the circumstances and the time of his death. The oldest information from the late 7th century confirms that ʿAbd Allaah died a few months before the birth of Muhammad in Yathrib with his mother's family after a short illness.

Little is known about his life. He was in the service of his father and probably traded as far as Gaza (Arabic: Ghazza). The early Islamic historians such as Ibn Ishāq and Muhammad ibn Saʿd pass on a legend according to which a woman - possibly a sister of the hempist Waraqa ibn Naufal - wanted to seduce ʿAbd Allaah because she already had the signs of prophecy on his face (literally: “the light of Prophecy ”) wants to have recognized.

There has been long controversy among Muslim scholars over the question of what happened to Muhammad's father after his death, whether he went down to hell as an unbeliever or was saved because of his kinship as a prophet . Mohammed himself narrated that his father was in hellfire ( nār ). Some Muslims imagined this to be very figurative. The Anatolian scholar Mūsā ibn Hādji Husain al-Iznīqī (d. 1434) tells in his Kitāb al-Miʿrādsch , an Arabic work about the ascension of Mohammed , how Mohammed is led down to hell by Gabriel after visiting Paradise and his father there Sees hellfire simmering. Mohammed would like to save his own father through his intercession with God, but is prevented from doing so by Gabriel, who points out that his powers of intercession are only intended for sinners among the Muslims on the day of the resurrection.

literature

• W. Montgomery Watt: Art. "ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib" The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Vol. 1, p. 42.
• Michael Lecker: The death of the Prophet Muḥammad's father: did Wāqidī invent some of the evidence? In: Journal of the German Oriental Society (ZDMG), Vol. 145 (1995), pp. 9-27

See also

• Prophet Parents Problem

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Michael Lecker: The death of the Prophet Muḥammad's father: did Wāqidī invent some of the evidence? In: Journal of the Deutsche Morgenländisachen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), Vol. 145 (1995), pp. 9-27
2. ^ W. Montgomery Watt: Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford University Press. 1953, p. 32
3. ↑ Ibn Saad: Biographien ... , (Ed. Eugen Wednesday). Brill, Leiden 1905. Vol. I. Theil 1 p. 58 and SX (table of contents) in a German summary.
4. ↑ Cf. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Kitāb al-Īmān No. 347.
5. ↑ Cf. the Turkish translation of the work by Hikmet Özdemir: Mi'râc . Istanbul 1986. pp. 140f. Here is an online version: Archive link ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (p. 103f.)