Āmina bint Wahb
Āmina bint Wahb ( Arabic آمنة بنت وهب, DMG Āmina bint Wahb ; died around 577) was the mother of Mohammed , the prophet of Islam . In Arabic she is mostly referred to as Umm an-Nabīy ("Prophet Mother ").
Life
Āmina was the daughter of Wahb ibn ʿAbd Manāf . She married ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib ; Mohammed emerged from their marriage. She died around 577 when Mohammed was six years old. Yāqūt ar-Rūmī gives three places in his geographic dictionary where the tomb of Āmina was suspected. According to Muhammad ibn Saʿd , her grave was in al-Abwā 'on the route between Mecca and Medina .
Muhammad's visit to his mother's grave
In the oldest collections of hadiths , such as in ʿAbd ar-Razzāq as-Sanʿānī , there are several reports of Muhammad's visit to his mother's tomb. This should have taken place on the return from his farewell pilgrimage. In the presence of some of his companions , according to tradition, he is said to have asked God for forgiveness for Āmina. But his intercession was not heard. According to the exegesis of the Koran, Muhammad's intercession was the occasion for the revelation of the following verse of the Koran :
“The Prophet and those who believe must not ask (God) forgiveness for the Gentiles - even if they are relatives (of them) - after they have (finally) realized that they (because of their stubborn disbelief) will be inmates of Hellfire. "
From the tradition of this verse it was deduced that the mother of the prophet remained a pagan and therefore fell into hell. However, this question was discussed very vehemently in the debate about the prophet's parents problem .
It should be noted that in some ancient traditions, such as Muhammad ibn Saʿd, the origin of the above Quranic verses is associated with the death of Abū Tālib ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib . The continuation can be found in some traditional versions:
"And if (at the time) Abraham asked forgiveness for his (pagan) father, then (he) only (did) on the basis of a promise that he had given him (before)."
Legends of Āmina's pregnancy and childbirth
Ibn Ishāq reports according to unspecified sources - "as people tell about it, but God knows best ..." that a voice of the pregnant Āmina predicted the birth of the "Lord of this community " to whom she is to name Muhammad. According to another legend, which Muhammad ibn Saʿd recites after his teacher al-Wāqidī , a voice is said to have ordered Āmina to name her son Ahmad.
According to another legend quoted by Ibn Ishāq, Āmina saw during pregnancy how a light went out from her, in which she saw the "castles of Bosra ". According to Elizabeth Sirriyeh, who has analyzed the Islamic dream traditions, this legend replicates older myths about the announcement of the birth of a god or great man. Sirriyeh relates the legend to the pictorial representations of the sky goddess Nut , who gives birth to the sun god Re , as well as to the story in Suetonius about the dream of Gaius Octavius , the father of Emperor Augustus , during the pregnancy of his wife Atia . After Suetonius, Octavius saw in a dream how the radiant light of the sun emerged from Atia's lap.
The Shiite literature suggests Amina especially about miracles in connection with the birth of Mohammed report.
Bint Asch-Shāti's Āmina novel
The Egyptian author and Muslim scholar ʿĀʾischa ʿAbd ar-Rahmān (1913–1998), known by her pseudonym Bint asch-Shāti '(the girl (from) the coast) described the life of the prophet's mother in a popular novel “Umm an-Nabīy ʿalaihi as-salām ”, Mother of the Prophet, peace be upon him in the series of writings on the wives of the Prophet Mohammed.
literature
- Alfred Guillaume : The Life of Muhammad. A Translation of [Ibn] Isḥāq's Sīrat Rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 68-69
- The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 1, p. 438. EI (3). Volume 3 (2007) 114-115
- W. Montgomery Watt : Muhammed at Mecca. Oxford University Press, 1953, pp. 32-33.
- Uri Rubin : "Pre-Existence and Light - Aspects of the Concept of Nūr Muḥammad". In: Israel Oriental Studies 5 (1975), pp. 62-119
References and comments
- ↑ Ferdinand Wüstenfeld (Ed.): K. Muʿǧam al-buldān ( Geographical Dictionary ). Leipzig 1866-1870. sn ar-Rāʾiʿa (a neighborhood in Mecca ).
- ↑ See Ibn Saad : Biographien ... (Ed. Eugen Wednesday ). Vol. I. Part 1. p. 74; P. XI (table of contents). Summary in German.
- ↑ al-Musannaf (Beirut 1971), Vol. 3, pp. 572-573
- ↑ See also: Ibn Saad: Biographien … (Ed. Eugen Wednesday). Vol. I. Part 1. p. 74; P. XI (table of contents). Summary in German. ʿUmar ibn Shabba al-Baṣrī : Taʾrīḫ al-Madīna . Volume IS 117-121. Ed. Fahīm Muḥammad Šaltūt. Mecca 1979
- ↑ See also: Ibn Saad: Biographien … (Ed. Eugen Wednesday). Vol. I. Theil 1. pp. 78-79; P. XI (table of contents). Summary in German.
- ^ Alfred Guillaume: The Life of Muhammad . A translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. Oxford 1955, p. 69.
- ↑ Ibn Saad: Biographies ... (Ed. Eugen Wednesday). Brill, Vol. I. Theil 1. pp. 60-61; S. X (table of contents in German). According to a further report in Ibn Saʿd, the newborn child al-Māḥī will be called "the destroyer", "the eliminator", since God will cleanse the (future) followers of Muhammad from their previous sins through him. Cf. AJ Wensinck: Muhammad and the Prophets . In: Acta Orientalia (AO) 2 (1924), p. 21. See the Engl. Translation: Muḥammad and the Prophets. In: Uri Rubin (Ed.): The Life of Muḥammad . Ashgate Variorum, 1998, p. 339.
- ↑ Cf. Ibn Ishāq: The Life of the Prophet. German Translated by Gernot Rotter . Stuttgart: Goldmann 1982. p. 28.
- ↑ See Elizabeth Sirriyeh: Dreams and Visions in the World of Islam. A History of Muslim Dreaming and Foreknowing. IB Tauris, London, 2015. pp. 37f.
- ^ Adrien Leites: Sīra and the question of tradition. In: Harald Motzki (Ed.): The Biography of Muḥammad. The Issue of the Sources. Brill, Leiden 2000. pp. 58–59 after the Kāmil by Ibn Bābawaih. Maher Jarrar: Sīrat ahl al-kisāʾ . Early Shīʿī Sources on the Biography of the Prophet. In: Harald Motzki (2000), p. 121.
- ↑ Published in Cairo 1967, reprinted there several times
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Āmina bint Wahb |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mother of the Prophet Mohammed |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 6th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | at 577 |