14 Bamberg Articles
The Bamberg Articles are a catalog of political demands that were made during the March Revolution in Bamberg on March 4, 1848. They are the Bamberg version of the March demands .
background
On March 4, 1848, a people's assembly took place in the Theater am Schillerplatz, attended by over 1,000 citizens. The main author of the demands was the republican-minded Nikolaus Titus , who later became a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly . The Bamberg doctor Dr. Heinrich Heinkelmann had contributed to the creation. Titus read the articles and put them to the vote. In comparison with similar catalogs of demands, the Bamberg articles were particularly radical and extensive. It includes liberal, democratic and even socialist demands.
content
The total of 14 articles are:
Art. 1: Complete freedom of the press; The inalienable right of the human spirit to communicate its thoughts without mutilations must no longer be withheld from us.
Art. 2: We demand freedom of conscience and freedom of teaching. The relationships of man to his God belong to his innermost being, and no external force may presume to determine them as it sees fit. Every creed therefore has the right to be equally justified in the state. There is no longer any violence between teachers and learners. The lessons do not have any denomination.
Art. 3: A law on the responsibility of ministers.
Type: 4: We require the military to be sworn in to the constitution. The citizen, to whom the state hands arms, affirmed his loyalty to the constitution, like the other citizens, by taking an oath.
Art. 5: Abolition of all feudal burdens.
Art. 6: We demand personal freedom and unrestricted freedom of choice. The police stop patronizing and torturing the citizen. The right of association, a fresh community life, the right of the people to assemble and speak, the right of the individual to feed, to move and to circulate freely on the soil of the German fatherland are undisturbed.
Art. 7: We demand representation of the people in the German Confederation. The German will have a fatherland and a voice in its affairs. Justice and freedom at home, a firm position vis-à-vis foreign countries, deserve us as a nation.
Art. 8: We demand a popular military constitution. The armed and trained citizen can protect the state alone. Give arms to the people and take away from them the unaffordable burden which the standing armies impose on them.
Art. 9: We demand fair taxation. Everyone contributes to the burden of the state to the best of his ability. A progressive income tax will replace the previous taxation.
Article 10: We demand that education through teaching be made equally accessible to all. The whole has to raise the means for this in fair distribution.
Art. 11: We demand compensation for the disproportion between labor and capital. Society is guilty of uplifting and protecting work.
Art. 12: We demand laws that are worthy of free citizens and their application by jury courts. The citizen is judged by the citizen. The maintenance of justice is a matter for the people.
Art. 13: We demand a popular state administration. The fresh life of a people needs free organs. His powers cannot be regulated and determined from the office. The self-government of the people takes the place of the frequent government of the officials.
Art. 14: We demand the abolition of all privileges. Respect for free citizens is everyone's only privilege and reward. We are solemnly protesting against all resolutions passed without the advisory board and the consent of the entire people, and we urge all residents of Bamberg to participate as many as possible in the election for a new committee of the people's assemblies that is taking place in the town hall.
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry on a homepage on Bamberg's history
- ^ History of Bamberg in the 19th century ( Memento from June 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Stephanie Günther: Moderate Liberals and Radical Democrats in Bamberg and Upper Franconia in the Revolution of 1848. Advanced seminar work, 2007. S.7 Partial digitization
- ^ Text on the history of Bamberg ( Memento from March 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive )