152 mm L / 45 cannon M1892
| 152 mm L / 45 cannon M1892 | |
|---|---|
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| General Information | |
| Military designation: | 152-мм пушка образца 1892 года |
| Manufacturer country: |
.svg){kind=small} Russia
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| Developer / Manufacturer: | Schneider & Cie. (Development) Obuchow-Werke (Production) |
| Development year: | 1891 |
| Start of production: | 1892 |
| Weapon Category: | cannon |
| Technical specifications | |
| Pipe length: | 6.858 m |
| Caliber : |
152.4 mm |
| Number of trains : | 36 |
| Elevation range: | −6 / + 20 −6 / + 20 −5 / + 20 −6 / + 25 angular degrees |
| Side straightening area: | 135 180 360 100 |
| Furnishing | |
| Closure Type : | Screw lock |
| Charging principle: | Grenade cartridge |
The 152 mm L / 45 cannon M1892 was a Russian ship and coastal gun . Developed in 1892, it remained in service in Finland and the Soviet Union well into the 1970s .
history
The cannon was originally manufactured in France by Canet at Schneider & Cie. and presented to a Russian delegation in 1891 together with the 120 mm L / 45 cannon . Russia acquired the license to replicate both guns and began production of the 152 mm L / 45 cannon M1892 in the Obukhov works in Saint Petersburg from 1892 . The basis of the production was only the drawings, a prototype or demonstrator was not bought by Russia. On April 10, 1891, a license agreement was signed with Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranes , according to which Canet had to deliver the drawings and samples for grenades, cartridges and ignition charges. In Russian literature, the cannon is therefore sometimes referred to as the 152-mm cannon Canet ( Russian: 152-мм пушка Канэ ).
With the 152 mm L / 35 cannon M1877, Russia possessed a generally powerful cannon, but technical progress in the field of artillery had developed rapidly in recent years. With the development of high-performance devices to limit the pipe return , it was possible to switch to the use of pipe cradles. The mounts could be built lighter and more space-saving; In the case of the 152 mm L / 35 cannon M1877 , an inclined slide was used to slow down the returning barrel. Use cartridged ammunition shortened the time to reload considerably and increased the rate of fire. The use of slow-burning propellant charges made of cordite and similar materials instead of black powder led to higher muzzle velocities and, as a result, to the construction of longer tubes, which increased range and penetration capacity. The Russian delegation was particularly impressed by the high rate of fire of up to twelve rounds per minute of the French construction.
construction
The pipe was stored in the pipe cradle together with the pipe brake. Thus the pipe brake was inclined together with the pipe when straightening according to the height. The return of the pipe was slowed down parallel to the pipe axis. As a result, the recoil was completely absorbed by the tube brake. By eliminating the slideway, the upper mount could be kept shorter and lighter than the 152 mm L / 35 cannon M1877 . Since it is less stressed, the lower mount was also made lighter than its predecessor. It was designed as a central pivot in order to obtain an unlimited lateral directional area. The smaller moving masses enabled higher straightening speeds. This was especially important for the fight against fast moving targets at short range. It was straightened manually, electric or hydraulic straightening drives were not available.
In coastal fortifications, the gun was placed behind an approximately 2.18 m high parapet. This parapet reliably protected the gun crew against direct fire. However, with direct straightening (i.e. with a horizontal pipe) the lock was too high. In order to be able to reload the weapon, the lower mount was provided on both sides with steps and a mechanical crane for lifting the grenade cartridges at the bolt level. Thus, the operation of the gun itself was complicated, the cadence dropped to six or seven rounds per minute. In the case of open installation on ships, this solution was abandoned and the lower mount was built lower. Due to the return of the pipe, however, the elevation angle had to be limited to 20 degrees, since otherwise the bottom section of the pipe and the pipe-side mount of the pipe brakes would hit the lower mount at the maximum pipe elevation. To protect the operator from splinters and shrapnel , a movable protective shield, open at the rear, was attached to the upper mount.
The gun was also used in twin towers on ships. The pipes could be adjusted individually according to the height.
The guns were also placed in casemates on the Bajan-class cruisers .
Modifications
With the Finnish guns, the barrel was rotated 180 degrees in the barrel's longitudinal axis so that the barrel brake was now over the barrel. This increased the gun's elevation range and thus its range. A new barrel constructed by Tampella with a length of 50 calibers with a muzzle brake was used . The modified cannon was given the designation 152 50 T and carried the brunt of the heavy Finnish coastal artillery until the 1980s when it was replaced by the automatic 130 53 TK .
production
Production of the weapon began in the Obukhov works in 1892. By 1901, 219 guns had been manufactured. During the Russo-Japanese War there were several gunshots, so the gun barrel was reinforced after the war. Another 309 copies of this improved version were produced between 1909 and 1916.
Around 100 guns fell into Finnish hands after the end of World War I and were converted as described. In the 1950s these guns received new barrel from Tampella with a length of 50 calibers.
commitment
Ship gun
The cannon was used for practically all warship newbuildings of the Imperial Russian Navy between 1890 and 1906. On November 25, 1916, the Baltic Fleet had 170 guns of this type, while the Black Sea Fleet had 132, 110 of them on ships, 14 in units of the Army and 8 in camps.
In 1941, 196 guns were still in service in the Soviet Union, 82 of them in the Baltic Red Banner Fleet, 70 in the Pacific Fleet, 37 in the Black Sea Fleet and 7 in the Northern Fleet.
Coastal defense
The weapon was also used in coastal fortifications. In the Baltic region, this was particularly the case in the area of the sea fortress of Emperor Peter the Great . In 1914 six batteries in the fortress were equipped with this cannon, seven in 1915 and thirteen in 1916. Usually there were four guns per battery, but in 1916 the four batteries on the island of Oland received only three guns per battery. In the area of the fortress Sveaborg , which later fell to Finland, the gun was used in the fortifications of the outer sea-side fortification line.
Clasp
Gun in a coastal fortification, note the steps on the lower mount
Aurora's bow gun
52 50 T, note the changed construction of the pipe cradle
Finnish 152 50 T in the tank turret
Individual evidence
- ↑ Twin Tower
- ↑ open list
- ↑ Casemate list
- ↑ Casemate constellation on the bayan class
- ↑ Twin towers fore and aft
- ↑ Twin tower amidships
- ↑ open list
- ↑ Casemate list
literature
- Леонид Ильясович Амирханов: Морская крепость Императора Петра Великого. Издательство "Иванов и Лещинский", Санкт-Петербург 1995, ISBN 5-86467-020-0 .
