153 (airplane)

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153
153A (Cut out) .jpg
Model of the PTL airliner 153A in the Dresden Transport Museum
Type: Airliner
Design country:

Germany Democratic Republic 1949GDR German Democratic Republic

Manufacturer:

VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden

First flight:

Project was canceled

The 153 was a German passenger aircraft with a turboprop engine developed in the 1950s . It was perhaps the most promising aircraft construction project in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD) planned it and produced a dummy on a 1: 1 scale. After the lack of orders from the Soviet Union and other countries, as well as problems with the development of the engine, the project was discontinued.

history

In addition to the licensed production of the Il-14 and the development of the 152 , the Dresden aircraft factory began to develop successor models at an early stage. According to an initial concept, the 153 should cover distances from 2000 to 3000 km and, depending on the version, be able to carry 36 (luxury version) to 82 (tourist class) passengers. The possibility of quick conversion into a cargo plane was provided. After a visit by a commission from the aircraft industry in the Soviet Union, the design of the 153 was changed and the machine was designated as the 153A from December 10, 1957. The machine was downsized a little compared to the original plan and should now carry 28 to 78 passengers. The range has been increased and should now be up to 4000 km. A 1: 1 dummy was built and presented to the State Dummy Commission from October 14 to 17, 1958. According to a method developed in the Dresden aircraft factory for calculating the direct operating costs and extensive comparative calculations with competing models, the 153A was at the top of all comparable models of a similar size.

Model of the PTL airliner 153 in the Dresden Transport Museum
Model of the 153A in scale 1:72, exhibition FIZ by Wilfried Bergholz

The construction was almost completed in June 1959. At the end of 1960 two break cells and in mid-1961 the prototype should be ready. Series production was scheduled to start in 1962.

On July 2, 1959, development was canceled. There were probably several reasons for this: On the one hand, the Soviet Union was ultimately not interested in buying the machine, despite initially expressed interest, as its own aircraft with a similar performance spectrum were being developed, especially the An-24 and the Tu-124 . On the other hand, an accident during the testing of the second copy of the planned PTL Pirna 018 engine on February 7, 1959 led to the destruction of the test bench, so that the provision of an operational engine would have been significantly delayed. The license production of the Ivchenko Al-20 , which is used in the Il-18 , among other things , was also considered . But this would have had a lower performance. Even considerations of using the Tyne unit as an alternative to the Pirna 018 did not ultimately lead to success. British firms, u. a. the engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce , had contacted the Dresden aircraft factory at the Leipzig trade fair and offered the delivery of engines and other assemblies if these would only be used for civil purposes. At the end of 1958, chief designer Brunolf Baade visited numerous British companies to explore delivery options. However, at the time there was a provision in Great Britain that the sale of engines was only permitted after two years of use in air traffic. The use of the Tyne in the Vickers Vanguard should take place from 1960, so that the engine could not have been exported until 1962, which would have been too late for the 153A. Rolls-Royce therefore contacted the British government in order to be able to sell the Tyne engines to Dresden earlier. But that didn't happen. In addition, the design changes to the 152 tied up considerable design capacities that were lacking in the 153A, so that work on it always fell behind schedule. In addition, it was assumed that in the future two-circuit turbine jet engines would be used more than propeller turbines. Thus, the 153A was canceled and the 155 was developed alongside the 152 , which, however, did not get beyond the dummy stage until the Dresden aircraft construction was discontinued.

construction

The 153 was planned as a cantilever, unarrowed low- wing aircraft with a retractable three-legged landing gear with nose wheel. The aircraft should have a pressurized cabin . The fuel should be completely housed in integral tanks in the wings. This would have prevented the 152's fuel problems from the start. The main landing gear should be pulled into the extended cowling of the engines. In addition to the exits, the cabin should have four emergency exit windows above the wings on each side.

Technical specifications

Parameter 153 (1956) 153A (1959)
crew 6th
Passengers 56-82 28-78
length 32.33 m 28.15 m
span 33.20 m 31.60 m
height 9.60 m 9.28 m
Wing area 122 m² 105 m²
Empty mass 20,980 kg 18,250 kg
Takeoff mass 34,000 kg 30,000 kg
Top speed 725 km / h 742 km / h
Cruising speed 700 km / h
Rate of climb 11.1 m / s
Service ceiling 11,000 m 11,300 m
Max. Range 3000 km 5750 km
Engines two PTL Pirna 018
power 2 × 4413 kW 2 × 3678 kW
Take-off run 600 m 800 m
Landing runway 450 m 420 m

literature

Web links

Commons : VEB Flugzeugwerke 153  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Lorenz : The passenger jet 152. P. 80.
  2. ↑ Holger Lorenz: Das Turbinenflugzeug Dresden-153A from 1959 , self-published, Marienberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-9816919-6-2 , pp. 100-107 and 118
  3. ↑ a b Jochen Werner: Technical data of the aircraft types 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160. In: Die Deutsche Luftfahrt. Vol. 22: Luftfahrt Ost 1945–1990. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1994, pp. 346-347.