ANC explosives
ANC or ANO explosives are inexpensive rock explosives that are safe to handle . ANC explosives are mixtures of the oxidizing agent ammonium nitrate and reducing agents such as mineral or diesel oil . The acronym ANC or ANO is A mmonium n Itrat and C for carbon compound or O derived rganic substance. The English generic term for these explosives is ANFO ( English Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil).
ANFO are mainly used in mining used . You can only with a detonator for the explosion are brought.
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composition
Typical ANC explosives consist of 94.5% ammonium nitrate and 5.5% heating oil . To increase the effectiveness, aluminum powder , manganese dioxide ( manganese dioxide ) or iron (III) oxide (iron red) as a catalyst can be added. Solid substances such as coal powder or wood flour or liquid substances based on mineral oil are used as carbon carriers .
properties
ANC explosives are water soluble. The granules sweat out the added diesel oil at temperatures around 30 ° C and irritate the skin and mucous membranes. In their pure form, ANC explosives can only be used in dry boreholes. A stable detonation transmission is no longer guaranteed if it is saturated. ANC explosives can be neutralized by dissolving in water.
use
The detonation speed of ANC explosives is 2500 to 3500 m / s depending on the containment conditions. ANFO be a detonator , a booster charge or a greater amount of primary explosive to detonate brought.
Loading a borehole
Small-caliber underground boreholes are charged with special chargers with ANO. These devices are based on the injector principle . The mixed ANO is poured into a funnel to which a compressed air hose and a charging hose are attached. The charging hose is inserted down to the depth of the borehole, and the compressed air flow pulls the ANO out of the funnel with it. As the filling increases, the loading hose is withdrawn from the borehole.
Loading vehicles, which are mainly used in tunneling and potash mining , work according to the same principle, only on a larger scale .
Vertical surface boreholes are loaded using gravity.
Use for terrorist purposes
Terrorists used ANC explosives for attacks, but the effectiveness of commercially produced ANC explosives is not achieved. The attacks in Norway in 2011 one was car bomb on ANC base are used.
Commercial ANC explosives
Trade names for ANC explosives are e.g. B. Andex or Forcit .
literature
- Author collective: The blasting party . in mining and in the stone and earth industry. Ed .: SDAG Wismut. 3. Edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1977, powdered ammonium nitrate explosives, p. 32 ff . (ANO explosives).
- Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann: The little mining dictionary . Ed .: Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum. 7th edition. Glückauf, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 , p. 16 (keyword ANC).
- Werner Schröter, Karl-Heinz Lautenschläger, Hildegard Bibrack: Pocket book of chemistry . 9th edition. Harry Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 1981, ISBN 3-87144-308-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alt om tragedien Aftenposten, July 23, 2011 (accessed August 8, 2011).
Web links
- Guideline for the handling of explosives in the mountain surveillance area (accessed on April 30, 2020)
- Explosives (accessed April 30, 2020)
- The History of Explosives (accessed April 30, 2020)
- Proceedings - 21st Colloquium Drilling and Blasting Technology (accessed April 30, 2020)
- Commercial explosives for underground blasting work (accessed April 30, 2020)