AT hook

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The second AT hook of HMGA1 (black) attached to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA

An AT hook is a DNA-binding domain in various DNA -binding proteins .

properties

The AT hook preferentially binds A - T -rich DNA sequences in the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, preferably (ATAA) n , (TATT) n , AAAT or AATT. You come z. B. in high mobility group proteins , in DNA-binding proteins of plants and hBRG1. HMGA proteins contain three AT hooks; up to 30 AT hooks have been found in individual proteins. In fission yeast , the origin of replication is bound by a 9-AT hook protein to initiate replication .

The DNA-binding amino acid sequence of the AT hook is a conserved , palindromic sequence proline - arginine - glycine -arginine-proline (PRGRP for short), although there are also AT hooks with only one proline. Furthermore, AT hooks contain positively charged amino acids such as lysine and arginine in one of the two adjacent sequences , as well as a hook-shaped structure.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ R. Reeves: Structure and function of the HMGI (Y) family of architectural transcription factors . In: Environ. Health Perspect. . 108, No. Suppl 5, October 2000, pp. 803-809. doi : 10.2307 / 3454310 . PMID 11035986 .
  2. ↑ R. Reeves, L. Becker Bauer: HMGI / Y proteins: flexible regulators of transcription and chromatin structure . In: Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1519, No. 1-2, May 2001, pp. 13-29. doi : 10.1016 / S0167-4781 (01) 00215-9 . PMID 11406267 .
  3. ↑ AH Meijer, EL van Dijk, JH Hoge: Novel members of a family of AT hook-containing DNA-binding proteins from rice are identified through their in vitro interaction with consensus target sites of plant and animal homeodomain proteins . In: Plant Mol. Biol. . 31, No. 3, June 1996, pp. 607-18. doi : 10.1007 / BF00042233 . PMID 8790293 .
  4. ↑ M. Singh, L. D'Silva, TA Holak: DNA-binding properties of the recombinant high-mobility-group-like AT-hook-containing region from human BRG1 protein . In: Biol. Chem. . 387, No. 10-11, 2006, pp. 1469-78. doi : 10.1515 / BC.2006.184 . PMID 17081121 .
  5. ↑ M. Fedele, S. Battista, G. Manfioletti, CM Croce, V. Giancotti, A. Fusco: Role of the high mobility group A proteins in human lipomas. In: Carcinogenesis. Volume 22, Number 10, October 2001, ISSN  0143-3334 , pp. 1583-1591, PMID 11576996 .
  6. ↑ a b R. Reeves, MS Nissen: The AT-DNA-binding domain of mammalian high mobility group I chromosomal proteins. A novel peptide motif for recognizing DNA structure . In: J. Biol. Chem. . 265, No. 15, May 1990, pp. 8573-8582. PMID 1692833 .
  7. ↑ JR Huth, CA Bewley, MS Nissen et al. : The solution structure of an HMG-I (Y) -DNA complex defines a new architectural minor groove binding motif . In: Nat. Struct. Biol . 4, No. 8, August 1997, pp. 657-65. doi : 10.1038 / nsb0897-657 . PMID 9253416 .
  8. ↑ L. Mojardín, E. Vázquez, F. Antequera: Specification of DNA replication origins and genomic base composition in fission yeasts. In: Journal of molecular biology. Volume 425, number 23, November 2013, ISSN  1089-8638 , pp. 4706-4713, doi : 10.1016 / j.jmb.2013.09.023 , PMID 24095860 .
  9. ^ R. Reeves: Molecular biology of HMGA proteins: hubs of nuclear function . In: Genes . 277, No. 1-2, October 2001, pp. 63-81. doi : 10.1016 / S0378-1119 (01) 00689-8 . PMID 11602345 .