Mining progress

As the rate of utilization is known in mining the progress of a mining operation in the working direction . The mining progress is measured in meters. There are special mining progress measuring devices for measuring the progress of mining. If the degradation progress is related to a unit of time, this is then referred to as the degradation speed .

Business basics

In order to be able to determine the efficiency of a mining operation, certain parameters are required for planning. In addition to the local conditions such as B. Type of adjacent rock , collapse of the deposit or type of hanging and lying , also the data of the farm layout. In addition to the dimensions of the mining operation, this data also includes the mining progress. The mining progress in longwall mining is of particular importance . In this mining process , the length of the mining operation (face length ) and the mining progress are in a fixed relationship. The amount of coal extracted in a longwall with a certain seam thickness is doubled if either the face length or the mining progress is doubled. In order to run a mining operation economically, it is necessary to keep the investment capital and the operating costs as low as possible and at the same time to achieve a high level of performance with this mining operation. The costs of a mining operation can be reduced by significantly increasing the mining progress. In addition, the increase in mining progress also serves to increase the performance of the respective mining operation. The mining progress is greater in seams with a smaller thickness than in those with a greater thickness.

conditions

Achieving a high rate of mining progress is not only beneficial from an economic point of view, but also has safety-related reasons. In particular, it is of safety benefit to always have a so-called fresh hanging wall. In order to be able to increase the progress of mining, certain conditions must be created. The choice of a suitable longwall mining is particularly important , as this must not excessively restrict the progress of mining . Another condition for increasing the mining progress is the selection of a suitable backfilling method . Depending on the backfilling method, the progress of the digging process is severely restricted. The on-site transport system is also decisive for a high level of mining progress . This must be able to withstand the respective required dismantling progress. The interaction between longwall mining and face conveyor is of great importance here. This is particularly noticeable when moving the face conveyor in the mining direction. The increase in mining progress is severely restricted if the face conveyor has to be dismantled to move it.

Measurement of the mining progress

In order to be able to determine the mining progress of a mining operation, this must be measured regularly. The measurement is generally carried out by the respective competent Steiger . The driver in charge must check these measurements by taking spot checks on site. In order to enable regular measurements at time intervals, mining progress measuring devices are used in today's mining operations. The measuring device is attached to the face conveyor or to the extension for continuous measurement. A pulley is attached to the old man , over which a rope is passed. The rope runs over a measuring wheel. In the measuring device, the respective progress of the dismantling is indicated on two dial counters. The display is in decimeters. Independent of the measurements of the respective company, a separate measurement is made by the mine . The measurement results of the operation are compared with the measurements of the mine.

Effects

Depending on the level of mining progress, there are different effects. Depending on how the hanging wall is made, it is loaded by the rock pressure due to the cavity created . This has a faster effect on soft hanging walls than on solid hanging walls. A slower dismantling process puts more strain on the hanging wall than a rapid one. The progress of mining also affects the outgassing process of the seam gas. With an increase in the progress of decomposition, the outgassing also increases, but this increase is not proportional to the increase in the progress of decomposition. According to the higher mining progress, the face length can be reduced with the same delivery rate. This reduces the susceptibility to faults due to geological disturbances. Since shorter struts can be better weathered , there is less increase in the weather temperature . Combating the development of dust and possible firedamp is also easier. However, a high rate of dismantling progress of several meters a day has a negative effect on the structures in the lowering trough . Due to the high rate of degradation, there is a high speed of surface movement. These rapid ground movements result in a rapid change in load from strain and compression in the structure. As a result, the grout does not have sufficient time to reduce the tension. The rapid bending deformation results in finely distributed cracks in the structure. The damage to the structure mainly affects the structure in a cross-cutting direction.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary . 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
^ ^A ^b Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area . 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d K. Kegel: Textbook of mountain economy. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1931, pp. 264-319.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Franz Dohmen: The memory of mining. Springer-Verlag Berlin - Göttingen - Heidelberg, Berlin - Göttingen - Heidelberg 1953, pp. 29–41.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, eighth and ninth completely revised edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1958, pp. 206–210.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962, pp. 228–229.
↑ ^a ^b C.H. Fritzsche: The backfill economy of the Ruhr coal mining. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for Mining Interests in the Dortmund District Mining Authority (Ed.), No. 9, 65th year, March 2, 1929, pp. 291–295.
^ Commission of the European Communities (ed.): Tunneling technology in hard coal mining in the European Community. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1984, ISBN 3-7739-0440-1 , pp. 169-174, 214.
↑ Commission of the European Communities (Ed.) High-performance mining operations in hard coal mining. Information conference, Luxembourg 1976, p. 248.
^ Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, ninth completely revised edition, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1955, p. 554.
↑ ^a ^b Helmut Kratzsch: Bergschadenkunde. 1st edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin Heidelberg 1974, ISBN 978-3-642-93035-5 , pp. 405-406.
↑ Karsten Zimmermann: Forecast and mining damage analysis of dynamic soil movements caused by near-surface hard coal mining in the USA. Approved dissertation at the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg 2011, pp. 5–10.

Remarks

↑ The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting . (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )

[Quelle_1-1] A ^b ^c Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary . 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .

[Quelle_2-2] A ^b Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area . 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .

[Quelle_3-3] K. Kegel: Textbook of mountain economy. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1931, pp. 264-319.

[Quelle_4-4] Franz Dohmen: The memory of mining. Springer-Verlag Berlin - Göttingen - Heidelberg, Berlin - Göttingen - Heidelberg 1953, pp. 29–41.

[Quelle_5-5] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, eighth and ninth completely revised edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1958, pp. 206–210.

[Quelle_6-6] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962, pp. 228–229.

[Quelle_7-7] C.H. Fritzsche: The backfill economy of the Ruhr coal mining. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for Mining Interests in the Dortmund District Mining Authority (Ed.), No. 9, 65th year, March 2, 1929, pp. 291–295.

[Quelle_8-8] Commission of the European Communities (ed.): Tunneling technology in hard coal mining in the European Community. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1984, ISBN 3-7739-0440-1 , pp. 169-174, 214.

[Quelle_9-9] Commission of the European Communities (Ed.) High-performance mining operations in hard coal mining. Information conference, Luxembourg 1976, p. 248.

[Quelle_10-10] Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, ninth completely revised edition, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg 1955, p. 554.

[Quelle_11-11] Helmut Kratzsch: Bergschadenkunde. 1st edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin Heidelberg 1974, ISBN 978-3-642-93035-5 , pp. 405-406.

[Quelle_12-12] Karsten Zimmermann: Forecast and mining damage analysis of dynamic soil movements caused by near-surface hard coal mining in the USA. Approved dissertation at the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg 2011, pp. 5–10.

[Anm._Förderv.-13] The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting . (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )