Mining direction

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In mining, the mining direction is the main direction in which a part of the deposit is tackled by means of the respective mining process . The mining direction is the direction in which the mining thrust as a whole progresses. It thus indicates the general direction of degradation without taking into account the direction of prevention .

The different mining directions

Overall, there are basically four directions that come into question as mining directions, the floating, the falling , the stroking and the inclined mining direction. However, the downward and inclined mining directions are rarely used, so they play a subordinate role. Thus, only two mining directions, the stroking and the floating mining direction, are used for mining . In the case of flat or moderately inclined storage, the horizontal direction of mining is predominantly used. Due to deposit conditions such as B. geological faults or water inflows but the floating mining direction can also be used. In the case of plate-shaped deposits with greater thickness , the cross-cutting mining direction is sometimes used. The direction of dismantling is either from hanging to lying or vice versa.

The dismantling direction can be combined as desired with the different locking directions . This then creates combinations in which the direction of dismantling has the same direction as the direction of prevention, i.e. stroking / stroking and floating / floating, or there are combinations in which the direction of dismantling and the direction of prevention are different. There are a total of four combinations for the brushing direction of mining, in which the direction of mining and the direction of prevention have different directions, brushing / floating, brushing / falling, brushing / oblique and brushing / cross-cutting. With the floating mining direction there is a combination floating / stroking. In the case of the cross cutting direction of mining, the direction of prevention is striking.

application

In coal mining, the horizontal mining direction is predominantly used for flat and moderately inclined storage . The upper mining section is then the head section, the lower mining section is the foot section. Depending on the deposit, the falling or floating mining direction can also be used. The floating mining direction is most common in vein mining . The corridor that is being dismantled is dismantled from top to bottom , similar to the construction of roofs . In some pits, the strike direction is also used. In salt mining, the mining direction is chosen depending on the storage. In the case of steep storage, the direction of decomposition is floating and, in the case of flat storage, it is stroking or floating. In the stick-shaped deposits is allowed, the working direction from top to bottom or vice versa, either Seiger or are inclined.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7
  2. ↑ a b c d e Georg Spackeler, Waldemar May: Bergbaukunde . 8th training letter for dismantling II. Ed .: Main Department of Distance Learning at Bergakademie Freiberg. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1957, p. 8 / 04–8 / 05 .
  3. ^ Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Hrsg.): Ore mining in the Rammelsberg. Self-published by the Förderverein, Druck Papierflieger Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Goslar 2009
  4. ↑ a b c d Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition, VGE Verlag GmbH, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962
  6. ↑ a b c Heinz Kundel: coal mining. 6th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, 1983, ISBN 3-7739-0389-8
  7. ↑ Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Introduction to mining. 1st edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, 1982, ISBN 3-7739-0390-1

Remarks

  1. ↑ The direction opposite to the dip is called floating . (Source: Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. )
  2. ↑ Any direction that lies between the stroke and the dip is referred to as oblique or diagonal. (Source: Georg Spackeler, Waldemar May, main distance learning department of the Bergakademie Freiberg (ed.): Mining Studies .)
  3. ↑ The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting. (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )
  4. ↑ In some other mountain areas, this direction is also referred to as " led upwards ". (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )