skinner
Skinner , in the Upper German- speaking area Wasenmeister , was for centuries a professional title for people who were responsible for the removal of animal carcasses and the recycling of animal bodies in a certain district . The recycling resulted in products such as fats , glue , bone meal , salmiak , soap , bleach and fodder .
Other names of the profession were flayer , field , case , half , clover or wasenmeister ; Old butcher , clover or field butcher ; Luder leader , Kleeken , Mausgewitz , Kaviller , Kafiller , filler , filler , Racker , free servant , scrapers , Bearskin , Weider , Weidmann , Fetzer , cold slaughterer , cleansers or Weißriemler , tanned the skins also. His assistants had appropriate names such as Schinder- or Luderknecht .
The skinner's place of work, usually also where she lived, was the skinner's or washer's workshop . Here, too, there are a variety of other names such as Schindhütte , Fallhaus or Luderhaus .
Executioners and skinners were often the same person - since the former could not live from the rare executions . In rural areas, the activity was also carried out by the community shepherd. The profession of skinner was considered a dishonest profession .
Wasenordnung
Until the late 19th century, the tasks of the skinner or wasen master were laid down in so-called wasen regulations or wasen master regulations. In Switzerland, the job title "Wasenmeister" for the offices or persons involved in the removal of cadavers was in use well into the 21st century and only disappeared from the legal texts with a change in the Animal Diseases Act (TSG) in 2013; In Liechtenstein, the job title in the Wasenordnung of 1873 and the Veterinary Law of 1966 is still used.
Living and working conditions of a skinner
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The farmers were obliged to hand over all animal carcasses ( fallen cattle) to the knacker, who was often also responsible for removing cat and dog carcasses lying around. The skinner dismantled the carcasses and buried or burned what could no longer be recycled. The remnants were mostly disposed of on meadows (old German Wasen ), from which job titles such as clover or Wasenmeister were derived.
Due to the unpleasant smell and the risk of epidemics, the cover shops had to be set up outside the villages. Through contact with the carcasses , the knackers had a high risk of contracting anthrax , for example . Even today, earthworks on such sites are dangerous. The bones from the cladding shop were taken to the soap mills , the rotten meat to the nitric boilers and the hides to the tanneries .
Until 1817, the stainers had the stigma of the " disreputable nature " of their trade, they were almost excluded from contact with the rest of the population. They usually only married each other, so the flayers in one region were often related or at least friends. Because of their remoteness, the Wasenmeistereien were ideal hiding places for wanted criminals, e.g. Johann Georg Grasel or the Schinderhannes .
literature
- Rudi Palla: Disappeared work. From barometer makers, wire-pullers, gaugers, pleasure fireworkers, night watchmen, planet sellers, horse swimmers, soap makers, armchair carriers, laundry girls and many other lost professions . Image selection Christian Brandstätter, with 335 illustrations. 3rd edition (fully illustrated, updated new edition). Christian Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2010, p. 11, ISBN 978-3-85033-327-6
- Eike Pies: Guild and other old professions , with 222 contemporary illustrations and guild coats of arms. 3. Edition. Verlag E. and U. Brockhaus, Wuppertal 2005, p. 10, ISBN 3-930132-07-9
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Wasenmeister . In: Adelung: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary . Volume 4. Leipzig 1801, p. 1399 f.
- ↑ e.g. the Upper Bavarian Wasenmeister Ordinance of 1862, s. Ludwik Hauff (Ed.): Law Library for Bavarian Citizens , Volume II, Munich 1863, pp. 58–61 ( Google digitized version )
- ↑ TSG amendment decision , cf. TSG, Art. 6 (PDF) as of January 2012; Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ↑ Wasenordnung (LGBl 1873.008) of November 29, 1873, Law on Veterinary Affairs (LGBl 1966.017) of October 10, 1966; Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ↑ Skinner . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 1, Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig / Vienna 1905, p. 20 .