Abu Bakar from Johor

Sultan Abu Bakar, before 1895

Abu Bakar of Johor (born February 3, 1833 in Singapore ; died June 4, 1895 in London ) was Sultan of Johor from 1886 to 1895 . He promoted economic development in Johor and preserved independence from Great Britain at a time when most of the Southeast Asian states were incorporated into European colonial empires .

Life

Abu Bakar became the third Temenggong in 1862 , a subordinate official who ruled the kingdom of Johor instead of a sultan under a British treaty of 1824 and 1855. He increased his title to maharajah in 1868 and was recognized as sultan by Great Britain in 1886, ending the line of the former sultan. A skilled and astute ruler, he saw to it that trade , investment, and agriculture were promoted in his country. In particular, he promoted the development of gambir and pepper plantations .

Abu Bakar lived in the British colony of Singapore , he was pro-Western and also resorted to Western advisors and methods for internal affairs (Great Britain had control over Johors external affairs under an agreement of 1861). He benefited from this practice in convincing the British that the Johor government was stable and fair. He saw through British positions on important issues and determined his own policies accordingly, compromising when necessary. In this way he not only preserved his independence, but also strengthened his position vis-à-vis other Malaysian rulers.

In 1866 he was named Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India by the British Crown and in 1876 as Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George .

Web links

Commons : Abu Bakar von Johor  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Abu Bakar. In: Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved June 9, 2018 . 
2. ^ Honorary Knights and Dames at Leigh Rayment's Peerage

predecessor	Office	successor
Raja Temenggong Do Daeng Ibrahim	Temenggong by Johor 1862–1868
Ali Iskandar from Johor	Sultan of Johor 1886–1895	Ibrahim from Johor