Sultan of Johor
Sultan of Johor is a hereditary title of a sovereign ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor . In the past he was an absolute ruler and had the Bendahara ( Malay Menteri Besar ) as an advisor. In the present, the Bendahara is the prime minister of the constitutional monarchy under the Johor constitution. The Sultan is the head of state of Johor and has his own armed force with the Royal Johor Army (Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor ). As a sultan, he is also the religious leader of the Muslims in Johor.
history
The first sultan was Alauddin Riayat Shah II. He was the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah. The descendants of the Sultanate of Malacca ruled in power until the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah II in 1699. The throne was taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil IV. He was the B endahara before the Sultan's death.
Johor was ruled by over twenty sultans before the first sultan of the Temenggong dynasty, Sultan Abu Bakar, ruled from 1862 to 1895. His father Temenggung Ibrahim was able to consolidate enough power to overthrow Sultan Ali in 1877.
Official
The current incumbent is Sultan Ibrahim Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj , who was proclaimed 25th Sultan of Johor on January 23, 2010 and was crowned on March 23, 2015 in Istana Besar, Johor Bahru. His father, Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Al-Khalidi , a great-grandchild of Sultan Abu Bakar, died on January 22, 2010. Ibrahim Ismail, then Crown Prince of Johor, was appointed his successor on the same day. The Sultan's death was proclaimed nationwide by the Bendahara of Johor, Datuk Seri Abdul Ghani Othman. The funeral took place on January 23rd.
List of title owners
| Sultans of Johor | Reign |
|---|---|
| Malacca-Johor dynasty | |
| Alauddin Riayat Shah II. | 1528-1564 |
| Muzaffar Shah II. | 1564-1570 |
| Abdul Jalil Shah I. | 1570-1571 |
| Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II. | 1571-1597 |
| Alauddin Riayat Shah III. | 1597-1615 |
| Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah | 1615-1623 |
| Abdul Jalil Shah III. | 1623-1677 |
| Ibrahim Shah | 1677-1685 |
| Mahmud Shah II | 1685-1699 |
| Bendahara dynasty | |
| Abdul Jalil Shah IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil) | 1699-1720 |
| Malacca-Johor dynasty (decline) | |
| Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah I. | 1718-1722 |
| Bendahara dynasty | |
| Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah | 1722-1760 |
| Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah | 1760-1761 |
| Ahmad Riayat Shah | 1761– |
| Mahmud Shah III. | 1761-1812 |
| Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah I. | 1812-1819 |
| Ahmad Hussein Muazzam Shah (Tengku Long) | 1819-1835 |
| Ali Iskandar Muazzam Shah | 1835-1855 |
| Sultans of the modern Johor | |
| Abu Bakar al-Khalil | 1886-1895 |
| Ibrahim Iskandaer al-Masyhur | 1895-1959 |
| Ismail al-Khalidi | 1959-1981 |
| Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj | 1981-2010 |
| Ibrahim Ismail | since 2010 |
ancestry
His Highness Sri Paduka Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja Daeng Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Dato Temenggong Sri Maharaja 'Abdu'l Rahman, Maharaja of Johor
(* December 8, 1810; ruled from March 10, 1855; † January 31, 1862, ancestor of the Temenggong Dynasty)
-
HRH Paduka Sri "Sultan" Sir "Abu Bakar" al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Dato 'Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim (born February 3, 1833; ruled from January 31, 1862; † June 4, 1895)
-
HRH Paduka Sri "Sultan" Al-Haj Sir "Ibrahim" al-Mashur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar (September 17, 1873; ruled from June 4, 1895; † May 8, 1959)
- His Highness Tunku Muhammad Khalid ibni Tunku Mahkota Ibrahim
-
HRH Paduka Sri "Sultan" Sir "Ismail" ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ibrahim (October 28, 1894; ruled from May 8, 1959; † May 10, 1981)
- His Highness Tunku 'Abdu'l Jalil ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail (May 11, 1924 - May 16, 1925)
- His Highness Tunku 'Abdu'l Rahman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail (July 29 - September 16, 1930)
-
HRH Paduka Sri "Sultan" " Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj " ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ismail (April 8, 1932; reigned from May 10, 1981 - January 22, 2010)
∞ with Her Royal Highness Enche 'Besar Hajjah Kalthom binti 'Abdu'llah (born Josephine Ruby Trevorrow in England on December 2, 1935)-
His Majesty "Sultan" " Ibrahim Ismail " ' ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar al-Haj (born November 22, 1958; ruled since January 23, 2010)
∞ Her Majesty Raja "Zarith Sofia" binti al-Marhum Sultan Idris al- Mutawakil Allah Afifu'llah Shah , princess of Perak (born August 14, 1959)- HRH Tunku Dato ' "Ismail Idris"' Abdu'l Majid Abu Bakar Iskandar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail , Tunku Mahkota (Crown Prince; * June 30, 1984)
- Her Highness Paduka Putri Tunku Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah binti Sultan Ibrahim Ismail [Tunku Ina] (born April 8, 1986)
- His Highness Tunku Idris Iskandar Ismail 'Abdu'l Rahman ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail , Tunku Temenggong (born December 25, 1987).
- His Highness Tunku 'Abdu'l Jalil Iskandar ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail (* July 5, 1990, † December 5, 2015)
- His Highness Tunku 'Abdu'l Rahman Hassanal Jeffrii bni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail (born February 5, 1993)
- His Highness Tunku 'Abu Bakar Iman ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail' (born May 30, 2001)
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His Majesty "Sultan" " Ibrahim Ismail " ' ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Iskandar al-Haj (born November 22, 1958; ruled since January 23, 2010)
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HRH Paduka Sri "Sultan" Al-Haj Sir "Ibrahim" al-Mashur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar (September 17, 1873; ruled from June 4, 1895; † May 8, 1959)
literature
- Nesalamar Nadarajah: Johore and the Origins of British Control 1895-1914. Arenabuku, Kuala Lumpur 2000, ISBN 967-970-318-5 .
- T. Wignesan: A Peranakan's View of the fin de siècle monde malais - Na Tian Piet's Endearing syair of Epic Proportions. [partial tranls. With introduction and notes to Na Tian Piet's “Sha'er of the late Sultan Abu Bakar (of Johor)”] In The Gombak Review. Volume 4, No. 2. International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1999, pp. 101-121.
- T. Wignesan: Sporadic Striving amid Echoed Voices, Mirrored Images and Stereotypic Posturing in Malaysian-Singaporean Literatures. Cyberwit.net, Allahabad 2008, ISBN 978-81-8253-120-8 , pp. 196-218.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sultan Ibrahim: Johor is no Taliban state
- ↑ Nadarajah: Johore and the Origins of British Control. P. 44.
- ↑ bernama.com
- ↑ Johor prince Tunku Jalil dies of cancer . In: The Star Online .
- ↑ Na Tian Piet's Sha'er 1896. Retrieved February 25, 2018 .