Académie de Saint-Luc

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The Académie de Saint-Luc was a public art school in Paris , which was founded in the 18th century on the initiative of the “ Communauté des maîtres peintres et sculpteurs de Paris ” (short: maîtrise ) - the community of Parisian painters and sculptors in whose house on the Île de la Cité "proche S. Denys de la Charte" was housed in today's Rue de la Cité not far from the Pont Notre-Dame . The school has trained sculptors, painters and craftsmen since 1391. It was closed when the maîtrise was dissolved in 1776 by order of the king.

The origin of this school, named after Saint Luke , the patron saint of painters , can be traced back to the founding statutes of the maîtrise, confirmed by the Prévôt de Paris Jean de Folleville on August 12, 1391 . However, the Académie Saint-Luc only had its own statutes confirmed by the Parlement (Supreme Court) on November 17, 1705 in order to counteract the increasing influence of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture , founded in 1648 and its own school, the “École royale de peinture et de sculpture ”.

Based on the three prizes awarded annually by the maîtrise to three drawing students of the Académie Saint-Luc, the Académie royale awarded the Prix ​​de Rome , founded by King Louis XIV, from 1666 onwards .

The Académie de Saint-Luc opposed the Académie royale's claim to sole and complete control of the art world and the introduction of an art monopoly. For example, she reacted to the tradition of art exhibitions that the Académie royale resumed in 1699 - which were later referred to as salons after their location, the "Salon Carrée" des Louvres - by organizing seven of their own art exhibitions between 1751 and 1774.

The Academy's first art exhibition took place in 1751 in the Augustinian monastery, those of 1752, 1753 and 1756 in the arsenal royal, seat of the grand master of the artillery . The Hôtel d'Aligre was used for the following exhibitions in 1762 and 1764; the last one took place in 1774, two years before the Académie closed in the former Hôtel Jabach on rue Neuve-Saint-Merry . It was not a hotel, but the Parisian residence of the wealthy Cologne Jabach family .

See also: Guild of Luke

List of members of the Académie de Saint-Luc (Paris)

This sortable list is arranged alphabetically. It can be sorted according to other criteria by clicking on the top line of the column. The list does not claim to be complete. Unless otherwise stated, the persons listed are from France.

Surname born died job Remarks
Charles Paul Jérôme de Bréa 1739 1820 Pastel painter
Jacques Caffiéri 1678 1755 Sculptor, fondeur-ciseleur
(metal caster and chaser )		 Italian origin
Nicolas Vincent Cardon sculptor Director of the Académie de Saint-Luc (Paris)
Jean-Charles Delafosse 1734 1791 Architect, ornamentist
Charles Eisen 1720 1778 Painter, eraser, draftsman Recorded in 1750, teacher, son of the Flemish painter Frans Eisen
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard 1749 1803 painter
Jean-Baptiste Lallemand 1716 1803 Landscape and genre painter
Louis-Félix de La Rue 1730 1777 Sculptor, draftsman
Pierre Le Brun before 1776 Portrait painter Teacher at the Académie de Saint-Luc (Paris),
father of Jean-Baptiste Pierre Lebrun ,
husband of Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
Robert Le Lorrain 1666 1743 Painter, sculptor
Mathieu Lespagnandelle 1616 1689 sculptor
François-Nicolas Mauperin 1806 Portrait and church painter
Jacques Oudry Painter, art dealer
on the Pont Notre-Dame 		Teacher at the Académie de Saint-Luc (Paris),
father of Jean-Baptiste Oudry
Jean-Baptiste Oudry 1686 1755 Painter, eraser
Nicolas Raguenet 1715 1793 painter mainly created views of the city of Paris
Gabriel-Jacques de Saint-Aubin 1724 1780 Draftsman, eraser, painter Teacher at the Académie de Saint-Luc (Paris)
Joseph-Benoît Suvée 1743 1807 painter Flame
Jean-Nicolas Vernezobre 1719 1778 painter Started as a still life painter on October 15, 1750.
Louis Vigée 1715 1767 painter Father of the painter Vigée-Lebrun
Guillaume Voiriot 1713 1799 Portrait painter

literature

  • Alfred Fierro: "Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris", Paris, 1996, Ed. Robert Laffont, ISBN 2-221-07862-4
  • Jules Guiffrey: “Livrets des Expositions de l'Académie de Saint-Luc à Paris pendant les années 1751–1752 - 1753–1756 - 1762–1764 et 1774, avec une notice bibliographique et une table”, Paris, 1872, Baur et Detaille
  • Jules Guiffrey: "Histoire de l'Académie de Saint Luc", in "Archives de l'Art français", nouvelle période, Volume IX, 1915, p. 177