Acetabulum (anatomy)

Representation of the acetabulum in the pelvic bone (view from the left to the left hip)

As acetabulum , hip joint or Beck pan in which is anatomy of the pelvis bone portion of the formed hip joint , respectively. The medical term is derived from its similarity to a vinegar bowl (Latin acetum " vinegar "), as it was to be found on every table in ancient Rome.

anatomy

The acetabulum is the socket of the hip joint. (right hip with dislocated femoral head)

Dissection of a hip joint with a view into the acetabulum

The acetabulum is made up of all three hip bones - the iliac bone ( ilium ), ischium ( ischium ) and pubic bone ( os pubis ). In predators , the acetabular bone ( os acetabulare ) is also involved in the formation, which fuses with the other parts at the end of the second month of life .

The acetabulum consists of a crescent-shaped joint surface ( facies semilunata ), which in ruminants is divided into two parts ( pars major and minor ). The cartilage surface in humans is only about 2 centimeters long and 0.3 centimeters thick.

In the middle, the acetabulum is hollowed out to form the hip joint fossa ( acetabular fossa ). In this pit a springs band ( ligamentum capitis ossis femoris ) having a thin branch of the obturator artery , the artery capitis femoris receives. This is involved in the arterial supply of the thigh bone. The tape itself has no mechanical function. The open side of the crescent - in humans at the front below - is known as the acetabular incisura (" acetabular incision ") and is closed by a ligament ( transverse acetabular ligament ).

The edge of the acetabulum is raised by a joint lip (labrum acetabuli), which rests on the surrounding, bony joint socket (limbus acetabuli), so that the head of the thighbone is encompassed beyond its equator. The joint lip (acetabular labrum) is often clinically referred to as the limbus .

clinic

A broken bone in the area of ​​the pelvic socket is known as an acetabular fracture . Chronic changes in the acetabulum occur in osteoarthritis of the hip . A protrusion of the acetabulum ( protrusio acetabuli ) can be hereditary or occur after various hip joint diseases.

An excessively flat acetabular socket is hereditary mainly in humans (→ hip dysplasia ) and various breeds of dogs (→ hip dysplasia of the dog ).

literature

• Franz-Viktor Salomon: Bony skeleton . In: Franz-Viktor Salomon et al. (Hrsg.): Anatomie für die Tiermedizin. Enke-Verlag Stuttgart, 2nd ext. Edition 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 , pp. 37-110.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Michael Schünke: Functional Anatomy - Topography and Function of the Movement System. Thieme, 2000, p. 316.