Achdut haAwoda (1919)

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Achdut haAwoda ( Hebrew אחדות העבודה, German unity of labor ) was a left and Zionist party that existed in the Mandate Palestine from 1919 to 1930. It emerged from the moderate ("right") wing of the Marxist- Zionist Poale Zion and finally merged with HaPoel HaZair to form the Mapai . The most important leader was David Ben-Gurion .

history

Development of the left parties in Palestine until 1948

Achdut haAwoda was created as a result of the split in the oldest socialist-Zionist party Poale Zion in 1919/20. The background was the worldwide split of socialist parties after the October Revolution in Russia into communists and social democrats. While the left wing leaned toward the Communist International , the “right”, i.e. H. join social democratic, wing of the World Zionist Organization (which was too bourgeois for the left wing).

The social democratic wing in Palestine then founded the Achdut HaAwoda party together with previously non-party workers. Together with the left-wing Zionist HaPoel HaZair, this initiated the trade union federation Histadrut , which took over the economic and cultural work of both parties and in the following decades had the greatest influence in the Yishuv (Jewish population of Palestine). In addition, the party was associated with the equally influential left kibbutz movement Kibbutz HaMeuchad . In the elections for the Assembly of Representatives , the parliament of the Jewish residents of Palestine under a British mandate , Achdut haAwoda became the strongest force in 1920 and 1925.

While HaPoel HaZair initially rejected a merger with Achdut haAwoda due to their Marxist roots, this was no longer an obstacle after the party's further de-radicalization at the end of the 1920s. Both parties merged in 1930 to form the Workers' Party of the Land of Israel (Mapai), which dominated the political landscape of Palestine and Israel beyond independence until the 1960s, and from which today's Labor Party, Avoda, emerged . The leftmost part of the Mapai, the so-called Siya Bet ("faction B") split off in 1944 and took on the name Achdut haAwoda again, before being absorbed into the left-wing socialist Mapam in 1948 .

literature

  • Josef Gorni: אחדות העבודה 1919-1930: היסודות הרעיוניים והשיטה המדינית[Aḥdut-ha-ʻavodah 1919-1930: ha-yesodot ha-raʻayoniyim ṿeha-shiṭah ha-medinit; Achdut HaAwoda 1919–1930 - Your ideological basis and political system]. Tel Aviv 1973.
  • Yonathan Shapiro: The Formative Years of the Israeli Labor Party. The Organization of Power, 1919-1930. Sage Publications, London / Beverly Hills (CA) 1976

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Michael Wolffsohn : Israel. Politics - society - economy. 2nd edition, Leske + Budrich, Opladen 1987, pp. 92-93.
  2. ^ Ralf Hoffrogge : Emancipatory Identities - Judaism and Revolution: The World Association "Poale Zion" between Zionism and Communism. In: Neues Deutschland , May 8, 2017, p. 10.
  3. ^ A b Myron J. Aronoff: Power and Ritual in the Israel Labor Party. A Study in Political Anthropology. 2nd Edition, ME Sharpe, 1993, pp. 22-23.