Bindweed mulches
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Common bindweed mulchets ( Emmelia trabealis ) |
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| Emmelia trabealis | ||||||||||||
| ( Scopoli , 1763) |
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The emmelia trabealis , also arable wind-floor Bunteulchen ( Emmelia trabealis ), is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of cutworms (Noctuidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 18 to 24 millimeters. The basic color of the fore wings is dark brown. There is a dirty yellow, almost straight transverse line right on the hem. The position of the transverse line is slightly variable, so that the fringes are yellowish or partly dark brown. Towards the roots, the first transverse line is followed by a wavy to slightly jagged yellowish transverse line. Another yellow straight line runs in front of and parallel to the inner edge. In front of the front edge there is another, winding yellow “line” with strong protrusions on both sides. In some specimens, this line can be more pronounced and then described more as a yellow field with brown spots and indentations. Darkened, almost monochrome black-brown specimens also appear rarely, which are identified as f. nigra . The hind wings are predominantly dark brown and light towards the roots.
The green eggs are elongated, conical with a flattened base and have distinct longitudinal ribs. There are irregular red spots around the rounded tip. The caterpillars are slender and have thickened breast segments. Their body color ranges from green to brown. The back line is darker and bordered by lighter lines. The side stripes are whitish to yellow, depending on the color of the caterpillars. The head is relatively small and colored brown. The parting is slightly highlighted and yellowish. The pupa is relatively small and colored brown-red or green.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The range of the species extends over large parts of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Russia to northern China and Japan. It is absent in the British Isles, as well as in large parts of north-west Germany.
The animals live predominantly in the lowlands to the hill country, especially in areas that are rather dry and warm. Therefore, the species is also absent in most regions of north-west Germany and the low mountain ranges. Fallow land , dirt roads and sunny slopes where the field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis ) occurs are preferred . In the Alps, however, they rise up to 2,000 meters. The species is still common in places, but its populations seem to be declining. The species appears to be extinct in the British Isles.
Way of life
The nocturnal moths fly annually in one or two generations from May to July and then again from August to early September. The second generation is usually incomplete and even fails in unfavorable, cool years. The moths can easily be roused in meadows. The caterpillars can be found in July and then again from August to September. They feed exclusively on the blooms of the bindweed. They are nocturnal and hide in the flowers of the forage plant during the day. The pupae overwinter, sometimes they don't hatch until the year after next. It has been observed in breeding that they can survive up to four winters.
Hazard and protection
The bindweed-Bunteulchen is listed in Germany on the pre-warning list (V) of the Red List .
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Margret Binot-Hafke: Red List of Endangered Animals Germany . Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1998, ISBN 978-3-89624-110-8 ( PDF, 458 kB [accessed on July 5, 2010]). PDF, 458 kB ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 4/2: Owls. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1954, DNB 450378381 .
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 5, Moths III (Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae). Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 3-800-13481-0 .
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
- Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 3: Owls of Germany. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1958, DNB 452481937 .
