Adipokines

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Adipokines are a group of endocrinically active proteins from adipose tissue, such as cytokines or peptide hormones . The first adipokine was discovered in 1984, leptin . Over a hundred adipokines have been described since then. Examples of adipokines are leptin, adiponectin , apelin , chemerin , interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) , TNF-α , Visfatin , Omentin , Vaspin , Progranulin , CTRP-4 .

Adipokines have anti-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties and connect the metabolism with the immune system . When hungry , anti-inflammatory adipokines increase and pro-inflammatory adipokines decrease, and vice versa when weight gain occurs .

Inflammatory adipokines are involved in the development of type II diabetes mellitus , arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Conde, M. Scotece, R. Gómez, V. López, JJ Gómez-Reino, F. Lake, O. Gualillo: Adipokines: Biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity . In: BIOFACTORS . tape 37 , no. 6 , 2011, p. 413-420 , doi : 10.1002 / biof.185 , PMID 22038756 .
  2. ^ S. Lehr, S. Hartwig, H. Sell: Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders . In: Proteomics Clinical Applications . tape 6 , no. 1-2 , 2012, pp. 91-101 , doi : 10.1002 / prca.201100052 , PMID 22213627 .
  3. ↑ L. Guo, Q. Li, W. Wang, P. Yu, H. Pan, P. Li, Y. Sun, J. Zhang: Apelin Inhibits Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells by Activation of PI3-Kinase-Phosphodiesterase 3B. In: Endocr Res. 34 (4), 2009, pp. 142-154.
  4. ^ Ormond A. MacDougald, Charles F. Burant: The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines. In: Cell Metabolism. 6, September 2007, pp. 159-161.
  5. ↑ Lais U. Monzillo: Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance. In: Obesity Research. 11 (9) 2003, pp. 1048-1054.
  6. ↑ T. Christiansen, B. Richelsen, JM Bruun: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects. In: International Journal of Obesity. 29 2005, pp. 146-150.
  7. ↑ a b P. Mancuso: The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation. In: ImmunoTargets and therapy. Volume 5, 2016, pp. 47-56, doi: 10.2147 / ITT.S73223 . PMID 27529061 , PMC 4970637 (free full text)
  8. ↑ LC Freitas Lima, VA Braga, M. do Socorro de França Silva, JC Cruz, SH Sousa Santos, MM de Oliveira Monteiro, CM Balarini: Adipokines, diabetes and atherosclerosis: an inflammatory association. In: Frontiers in physiology. Volume 6, 2015, p. 304, doi: 10.3389 / fphys.2015.00304 . PMID 26578976 , PMC 4630286 (free full text).
  9. ^ Y. Deng, PE Scherer: Adipokines as novel biomarkers and regulators of the metabolic syndrome. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 1212, November 2010, pp. E1-E19, doi: 10.1111 / j.1749-6632.2010.05875.x . PMID 21276002 , PMC 3075414 (free full text).