Adiponectin
| Adiponectin | ||
|---|---|---|
|
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| Hexamer of mouse adiponectin according to PDB 1c3H | ||
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Available structural data: 1c28; 1c3h |
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| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 244 aa; 30 kDa | |
| Secondary to quaternary structure | Homomultimer (3, 6, 12, 18) | |
| Isoforms | Collagen-like; C1q | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | ADIPOQ ; ACDC; ACRP30; APM-1; APM1; GBP28; adiponectin | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Creature | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 9370 | 11450 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000181092 | ENSMUSG00000022878 |
| UniProt | Q15848 | Q6GTX4 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_004797 | NM_009605 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_004788 | NP_033735 |
| Gene locus | Chr 3: 188.04 - 188.06 Mb | Chr 16: 23.06 - 23.07 Mb |
| PubMed search | 9370 |
11450
|
Adiponectin (also known as GBP-28 , apM1 , AdipoQ and Acrp30 ) is a peptide hormone that is produced in fat cells in humans and animals. Together with other adipokines (fatty tissue hormones ) such as leptin , as well as insulin and other hormones, it regulates the feeling of hunger and food intake. It modulates the action of insulin on the fat cells.
structure
Adiponectin consists of 244 amino acids and forms trimers , hexamers, or 12-18 mers. It has a collagen-like structure and contains the subunits 'collagen-like' (66 aa) and the complement factor C1q (107 aa).
Regulation and Effect
If the fat cells are full, little adiponectin is produced. If they are empty, production is increased. Overweight people have low levels of adiponectin, which weakens the effects of insulin. A low level of adiponectin, in combination with genetic factors, increases the risk of diabetes mellitus and at the same time often leads to vascular damage long before the disease is discovered. In the metabolic syndrome , adiponectin is the course parameter (normal value in humans: over 10 µg / l). Adiponectin counteracts the development of atherosclerosis (antiatherogenic) and anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory). People with high levels of adiponectin are protected from diabetes.
In animal experiments, high doses of adiponectin accelerate the breakdown of fat.
Women with elevated adiponectin plasma levels are at increased risk of developing dementia .
See also
literature
- Diez, JJ & Iglesias, P. (2003): The role of the novel adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin in human disease. In: Eur. J. Endocrinol. Vol. 148, pp. 293-300. PMID 12611609
References
- ↑ Carmen Gelsinger, Alexander Tschoner, Susanne Kaser and Christoph F. Ebenbichler: Adipokine update - new molecules, new functions. Wiener Medical Wochenschrift, August 2010, Volume 160, Issue 15-16, pages 377-390, doi : 10.1007 / s10354-010-0781-6
- ↑ UniProt Q15848
- ↑ Richard Daikeler, idols Use, Sylke Waibel: diabetes. Evidence-based diagnosis and therapy. 10th edition. Kitteltaschenbuch, Sinsheim 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-050903-2 , pp. 17-19.
- ↑ Thomas M. van Himbergen, Alexa S. Beiser, Masumi Ai, Sudha Seshadri, Seiko Otokozawa, Rhoda Au, Nuntakorn Thongtang, Philip A. Wolf, Ernst J. Schaefer: Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance and Inflammation and the Risk for All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. In: Arch Neurol . 69, 2012, p. 594, doi : 10.1001 / archneurol.2011.670 , PMC 3512190 (free full text) (accessible text)