Ahl al-kisā '

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The people of the coat ( Arabic أهل الكساء, DMG Ahl al-Kisāʾ ) are those persons who were with the Islamic prophet Mohammad under his cloak when he recited the Koran verse 33:33. They were Mohammad, Ali ibn Abi Taleb , his daughter Fatima and his two grandsons Hasan and Husain . Are used synonymously ahl al-ʿabā  /أهل العباor ashab al-kisa  /أصحاب الكساء / aṣḥāb al-kisāʾ  / 'owner of the coat'.

The origin of this name lies in the hadith of the event of the mantle and the hadith of Mubahala . These hadiths are classified as authentic by Shiites and Sunnis , but interpreted differently.

According to the Shiite view, this tradition justifies the special position of Ali and his descendants and in particular their claim to the Imamate , as well as their flawlessness and defines who belongs to the Ahl al-bait .

Event of the mantle

history

In the year 10 of the Hijra (631/632 AD) a delegation of Christians from the Najran came to Medina at the invitation of Mohammad. They argued with Mohammad, but both sides insisted on their legality. They ended their argument by arranging a mubahala to meet. Mohammad gathered his family members Ali, Fatima, Hasan and Husain under his cloak for the upcoming Mubahala. His wife Umm Salama asked him if she could wear her coat, but Mohammed refused. While under his cloak with his family members, he recited the following verse:

In this way God wants to keep impurity away from you, you members of the house, and grant you the highest purity. ( Quran 33:33)

authenticity

This event is told in Shiite exegete books such as Tafsir al-Qummi , Tafsir Furat al-Kufi, and Al-Burhan fi tafsir al-Qur'an . But it is also reproduced in the Shiite hadith book Usul al-kafi . Sunni books also report this event, including Saheeh Muslim , al-Sawa'iq al-muhriqa , Usd al-ghaba , Musnad and al-Tafsir al-kabir .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth: The Mediaeval Islamic Underworld. The Banū Sāsān in Arabic society and literature. Volume 2: The Arabic Jargon Texts. Brill, Leiden 1976, ISBN 90-04-04502-3 , p. 315.
  2. ↑ Ahl ul-Bayt
  3. ↑ The Koran. Translation by Rudi Paret . Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 1979
  4. ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī , vol . 2, p. 193.
  5. ↑ Furāt al-Kūfī, Tafsīr al-Furāt al-Kūfī , p. 111, pp. 332–337.
  6. ↑ Baḥrānī, al-Burhān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān , B. 2, p. 106.
  7. ↑ Kulayni, al-KAFI , for example, 2, p. 8
  8. ↑ Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, vol . 15, p. 190.
  9. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Ṣawāʾiq al-muḥriqa , p. 143.
  10. ↑ Ibn al-athīr, Usd al-ghāba , B. 4, p. 29.
  11. ↑ Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal , B. 7, p. 415.
  12. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, al-Tafsīr al-kabīr , vol . 8, p. 247