Eutypella parasitica
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Typical tree cancer on maple trees caused by Eutypella parasitica |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Eutypella parasitica | ||||||||||||
| RW Davidson & RC Lorenz |
Eutypella parasitica is a fungal art from the family of the corner slices relatives . It causes maple stem cancer on various maple species.
features
Macroscopic features
Eutypella parasitica triggers extensive cancer growth in various maple species , usually accompanied by stem rot. The white to sand-colored mycelium strands in the phloem at the edge of the growth are also typical . After the infection, a rounded cortical lesion develops, which increases in size by about 1–2 cm annually. Over time - usually after a few years - stem cancer forms through overburden and wound callus formation . As the disease progresses, the cancer usually grows on one side, which can lead to the tree bending. The inside of the wood is riddled with brown rot .
Microscopic features
Perithecia are always abundant on older parts of the cancer. They become up to 5 mm long. A stroma is only very sparsely developed. The ascospores are 5.5–12 μm long and 2–4 μm wide. The tubes have a length of 61–117 μm with a width of 5–10 μm. Conidia are 12.5–35 × 1–2.5 μm in size.
Ecology and phenology
Different types of maple are attacked. In North America these are mainly sugar maple and red maple , more rarely ash maple , norway maple and sycamore maple , but also silver maple , black sugar maple and striped maple . In Europe, all native species are affected, especially sycamore maple, to a lesser extent field maple and, least of all, Norway maple. The species needs relatively high humidity in order to form spores that are spread by the wind. The tree is infected through broken branches up to 5 cm and wounds.
distribution
Eutypella parasitica was originally distributed in northeastern North America, in the Canadian states of Ontario and Quebec and in the USA in the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York State, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire , Rhode Island and Vermont. In Europe, the species first appeared in Slovenia in 2005. In Austria it was first discovered in December 2006 in the Lilienfeld district and in 2007 in Croatia. In 2013, infested trees were discovered in Munich and thus for the first time in Germany. Presumably the species will spread over all of Central Europe, the Apennines and the Balkans.
meaning
The disease causes losses particularly in locations with a high proportion of sugar maple. Extinction in Europe is unlikely due to its wide distribution. It is recommended that the affected trees be felled and the stumps disposed of if there is a cut 40 cm below the affected area.
Systematics
Eutypella parasitica was first described by RW Davidson and RC Lorenz in 1938 . The species belongs to the genus Eutypella within the corner disk relatives, all of which live on wood.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Research Center for Forests: Maple stem cancer. Retrieved June 20, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c Jurc, D .; Ogris, N .; Slippers, B .; Stenlid, J .: First report of Eutypella canker of Acer pseudoplatanus in Europe. In: Plant Pathology . tape 55 , 2006, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-3059.2006.01426.x ( online ).
- ↑ a b c d e Cech, TL, Schwanda, K., Klosterhuber, M., Straßer, L., Kirisits, T .: Eutypella canker of maple: first report from Germany and situation in Austria. In: Forest Pathology . 2016, doi : 10.1111 / efp.12268 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ a b c d e Waldwissen.net: Thomas L. Cech: First record of Eutypella parasitica in Austria. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 19, 2016 ; Retrieved June 20, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Ogris, N., Jurc, D., Jurc, M .: Spread risk of Eutypella canker of maple in Europe. In: EPPO Bulletin . tape 36 , 2006, p. 475-485 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2338.2006.01047.x ( online ).
- ↑ a b c Johnson, DW; Kuntz, JE: Eutypella canker of maple: ascospore discharge and dissemination. In: Phytopathology . tape 69 , 1979, pp. 130-135 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Mycobank: Eutypella parasitica . Retrieved June 20, 2016 .
