Wooden club-like

Wooden club-like
Antler-shaped wooden club ( Xylaria hypoxylon )
Systematics
Sub-kingdom : Dikarya Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Sordariomycetes Subclass : Xylariomycetidae Order : Wooden club-like
Scientific name of the  subclass
Xylariomycetidae
OE Erikss. & Winka
Scientific name of the  order
Xylariales
Nannf.

Reddish coal berry ( Hypoxylon fragiforme )

The wooden club-like (Xylariales) are an order of the hose fungi , which form their own subclass Xylariomycetidae .

features

The representatives of the order have a clearly developed stroma . The fruiting bodies are dark perithecia . The asci often have an amyloid apical ring. Real paraphyses appear.

Way of life

Most of the species are saprobionts or plant parasites in terrestrial habitats. A few representatives are sea creatures ( Anthostomella torosa ).

Systematics

The order includes over 800 species. The following families belong to it (with selected genera and species):

• Amphisphaeriaceae with 40 genera: They are similar to the Xylariaceae, only they have ascospores without clear germination slits. The anamorphs are coelomycetes of the genus Pestalotia . Pestalotiopsis microspora
• Apiosporaceae
• Cainiaceae : The species of the monotypic family are inhabitants of monocots with two-celled ascospores. The asci have amyloid apical rings.
• Clypeosphaeriaceae with 10 genera: They are mostly representatives with iodine-negative ascus tips. The nucleation sites, if any, are pore-shaped.
• Coniocessiaceae
• Corner disc relatives (Diatrypaceae) with 9 genera: They have light brown allantoid ascospores. The anamorphs produce conidia without significant scars. The conidia are densely packed in coelomycete conidiomata. The family is a natural kinship group. The generic delimitations are often still artificial.
  • Diatrype
    • Beech corner slices ( Diatrype disciformis )
• Graphostromataceae with a single genus
  • Graphostroma
• Hyponectriaceae with 16 genera. It is probably polyphyletic .
• Myelostromataceae : also monotypical
• Vialaeaceae
• Xylariaceae with 73 genera: The perithecia are embedded in the stroma. The asci usually have an amyloid apical ring. The mature ascospores are unicellular and have a distinct germ slot. The anamorphs have sympodial conidiogenic cells and holoblastic, unicellular conidia with constriction scars.
  • Hypoxylon
    • Reddish coal berry ( Hypoxylon fragiforme )
  • Kretzschmaria
    • Burn crust mushroom ( Kretzschmaria deusta )
  • Rosellinia
  • Xylaria
    • Antler-shaped wooden club ( Xylaria hypoxylon )

supporting documents

literature

• Ning Zhang et al .: An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1076-1087.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Kevin D. Hyde, EB Gareth Jones, Eric HC McKenzie, Shi-Ke Huang, Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab, Dinushani A. Daranagama, Monika Dayarathne, Melvina J. D'souza, Ishani D. Goonasekara, Sinang Hongsanan, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Paul M. Kirk, Sirinapa Konta, Jian-Kui Liu, Zuo-Yi Liu, Chada Norphanphoun, Ka-Lai Pang, Rekhani H. Perera, Indunil C. Senanayake, Qiuju Shang, Belle Damodara Shenoy , Yuanpin Xiao, Ali H. Bahkali, Jichuan Kang, Sayanh Somrothipol, Satinee Suetrong, Tingchi Wen, Jianchu Xu: Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 72 , 2015, p. 199-301 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-015-0331-z .

Web links

Commons : Xylariales  - collection of images, videos and audio files