Burn crust fungus
| Burn crust mushroom | ||||||||||||
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Brandy crust mushroom ( Kretzschmaria deusta ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Kretzschmaria deusta | ||||||||||||
| ( Hoffm. ) PMD Martin |
The brandy crust mushroom ( Kretzschmaria deusta , syn. Hypoxylon deustum and Ustulina deusta ) from the family of wooden club relatives lives parasitically as well as saprobionic in and on various deciduous trees, particularly often on linden and beech trees .
features
Macroscopic features
The fire crust mushroom has a crust-shaped, extensive black-and-white stroma with a thickness of 0.2-2 cm and an irregular border. The surface is coarse and unevenly bulging and bumpy. The perithecia mouth makes it appear dotted. The consistency is very hard, and with age the structure feels like charcoal. Inside the stroma there are many up to 1.5 mm wide, spherical to egg-shaped perithecia. The spore powder is black. In spring, the imperfect conidia forms thin coatings that appear gray due to the conidiospores.
Microscopic features
The asci are cylindrically pedunculated and approximately 410-480 micrometers long and 10-14 micrometers wide. The ascus tip turns blue in Melzer's reagent . The spores are irregularly elliptical, smooth and have 2 lighter oil droplets and a longitudinal fissure that does not extend along the entire spore. They measure 27–35 (–38) × 7–9 µm.
Species delimitation
With a little experience, the fungus can hardly be confused with other species. Some charcoal berries ( Hypoxylon ), such as the multiform charcoal berries ( H. multiforme ), which often grow on birch branches, may have a certain similarity , which also often spread like crusts on the substrate . In the case of the multifaceted coal berry, the young Stromata are colored red-brown before they turn black. The spores are significantly smaller.
ecology
The fungus is very common in Europe and North America as parasitic and saprobionic, especially in and on beeches, but also in other deciduous trees, for example in maple trunks. It can be found all year round, the spores ripen in autumn. The fungus causes mold rot in roots and near the ground, less often in higher trunk regions. Seen from the outside, there is often no damage. Crust-shaped, several centimeters wide, gray, in older stages black, carbonaceous coatings (fruiting bodies) with often arched edges directly at the base of the trunk are usually only visible after the trees have collapsed.
meaning
Due to the black discoloration in the wood, the traces of the scorch fungus often lead to false assumptions about arson . The stability of the trees can be greatly reduced after years. Viewed from the outside, trees that appear symptom-free at first glance can in rare cases topple over without warning. However, it should be noted that the rate of wood degradation and the subsequent risk of breakage and stability due to the fire crust fungus on the real tree is often far overestimated because laboratory results from the analysis of dried and sterilized wood samples have been transferred to the living tree. In particular, the results from studies on the influence of wood moisture must be taken into account (see Boddy & Rayner 1983/1989), which in turn means that there should be little or no cutbacks if possible.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1787 by Georg Franz Hoffmann as Sphaeria deusta , but four years later Bulliard placed it in the genus Hypoxylon . For a long time it was known as Hypoxylon deustum , and Ustulina deusta was also relatively common. It was not until 1970 that Philip Michael Dunlop Martin placed the brandy crust mushroom in the genus Kretzschmaria described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1849 .
swell
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 4th revised edition. Special edition. BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 542 ( The reliable nature guide ).
- Schwarze / Engels / Matteck: "Holzzersetzende Pilze in Trees", 1st edition 1999, Rombach Verlag, ISBN 3-7930-9194-5 , p. 122
- BODDY, LYNNE & DM RAYNER, A. (1983). Origins of decay in living deciduous trees: the role of moisture content and a re-appraisal of the expanded concept of tree decay .. New Phytologist. 94.623 - 641.10.1111 / j.1469-8137.1983.tb04871.x.
- Rayner, ADM & Boddy, L. (1989). Fungal Decomposition of Wood. Its Biology and Ecology. XF2006277090. xiv.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ewald Gerhart: Mushrooms: Röhrlinge, Porlinge, belly mushrooms, sac mushrooms and others . Spectrum of Nature BLV Intersive Guide. tape 2 . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich, Vienna, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-405-12965-6 , pp. 232 .
- ^ Index Fungorum
