Wooden club-like
Wooden club-like | ||||||||||||
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Antler-shaped wooden club ( Xylaria hypoxylon ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name of the subclass | ||||||||||||
Xylariomycetidae | ||||||||||||
OE Erikss. & Winka | ||||||||||||
Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||||
Xylariales | ||||||||||||
Nannf. |
The wooden club-like (Xylariales) are an order of the hose fungi , which form their own subclass Xylariomycetidae .
features
The representatives of the order have a clearly developed stroma . The fruiting bodies are dark perithecia . The asci often have an amyloid apical ring. Real paraphyses appear.
Way of life
Most of the species are saprobionts or plant parasites in terrestrial habitats. A few representatives are sea creatures ( Anthostomella torosa ).
Systematics
The order includes over 800 species. The following families belong to it (with selected genera and species):
- Amphisphaeriaceae with 40 genera: They are similar to the Xylariaceae, only they have ascospores without clear germination slits. The anamorphs are coelomycetes of the genus Pestalotia . Pestalotiopsis microspora
- Apiosporaceae
- Cainiaceae : The species of the monotypic family are inhabitants of monocots with two-celled ascospores. The asci have amyloid apical rings.
- Clypeosphaeriaceae with 10 genera: They are mostly representatives with iodine-negative ascus tips. The nucleation sites, if any, are pore-shaped.
- Coniocessiaceae
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Corner disc relatives (Diatrypaceae) with 9 genera: They have light brown allantoid ascospores. The anamorphs produce conidia without significant scars. The conidia are densely packed in coelomycete conidiomata. The family is a natural kinship group. The generic delimitations are often still artificial.
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Diatrype
- Beech corner slices ( Diatrype disciformis )
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Diatrype
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Graphostromataceae with a single genus
- Graphostroma
- Hyponectriaceae with 16 genera. It is probably polyphyletic .
- Myelostromataceae : also monotypical
- Vialaeaceae
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Xylariaceae with 73 genera: The perithecia are embedded in the stroma. The asci usually have an amyloid apical ring. The mature ascospores are unicellular and have a distinct germ slot. The anamorphs have sympodial conidiogenic cells and holoblastic, unicellular conidia with constriction scars.
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Hypoxylon
- Reddish coal berry ( Hypoxylon fragiforme )
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Kretzschmaria
- Burn crust mushroom ( Kretzschmaria deusta )
- Rosellinia
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Xylaria
- Antler-shaped wooden club ( Xylaria hypoxylon )
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Hypoxylon
supporting documents
literature
- Ning Zhang et al .: An overview of the systematics of the Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene phylogeny . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1076-1087.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Kevin D. Hyde, EB Gareth Jones, Eric HC McKenzie, Shi-Ke Huang, Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab, Dinushani A. Daranagama, Monika Dayarathne, Melvina J. D'souza, Ishani D. Goonasekara, Sinang Hongsanan, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Paul M. Kirk, Sirinapa Konta, Jian-Kui Liu, Zuo-Yi Liu, Chada Norphanphoun, Ka-Lai Pang, Rekhani H. Perera, Indunil C. Senanayake, Qiuju Shang, Belle Damodara Shenoy , Yuanpin Xiao, Ali H. Bahkali, Jichuan Kang, Sayanh Somrothipol, Satinee Suetrong, Tingchi Wen, Jianchu Xu: Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 72 , 2015, p. 199-301 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-015-0331-z .
Web links
Commons : Xylariales - collection of images, videos and audio files