al-Khalil ibn Ahmad
Abū ʿAbd ar-Rahmān al-Chalīl ibn Ahmad al-Farāhīdī ( Arabic أبو عبد الرحمن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي, DMG Abū ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Ḫalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī ; * 718 ; † around 791 in Basra ) was a linguist from the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula (now Oman ).
His best known work is the Kitāb al-ʿAin , the first dictionary of the Arabic language . It describes the use of the Harakat (vowel signs in Arabic script), which is still used today , and explores al-ʿArūḍ, the study of Arabic prosody . He moved to Basra and died there between 777 and 791. His disciples included Sibawaih and al-Asma'i .
Kitāb al-ʿAin
Kitāb al-ʿAyn , was started by al-Khalīl ibn Ahmad, and probably completed by one of his disciples, al-Laith ibn al-Muzaffar. The dictionary was not in alphabetical order, but phonetically, according to the pronunciation of the Arabic alphabet starting with the lowest letter articulated in the throatﻉ(ʿAin) - hence the book title - down to the last letter in its arrangement: Alif with Hamza .
The book was printed by Maktabat al-Hilal, revised by Mahdi al-Machzūmi and Ibrāhīm as-Samarrāʾī, and appeared in eight volumes. However, there is some doubt as to whether the book in its modern edition is the original by al-Khalil, or a work that has been updated based on the original.
He also collected all 15 meters of poems and compared them with the Koran. He didn't find a single resemblance.
literature
- Rudolf Sellheim: "al- Kh alīl b. Aḥmad" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. IV, pp. 962a-964a.
Web links
- Literature by and about Ibn-ʿAmr al-Ḫalīl Ibn-Aḥmad in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Chalīl ibn Ahmad, al- |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Farāhīdi, Chalīl ibn Ahmad al-; al-Farāhīdī; al-Khalil |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Linguist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | at 718 |
| DATE OF DEATH | at 791 |
| Place of death | Basra |