al-Zubayr Rahma

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the old brand name of the spreadable fat Rahma see Rama (brand name) .

Al-Zubayr Rahma

al-Zubayr Rahma

Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pascha , also Zobeir Pascha , Zubehr Pascha or Siber-Rachama-Gjimme-Abi ( Arabic الزبير رحمة منصور, DMG az-Zubair Raḥma Manṣūr ; * 1830 ; † 1913 ) was a Sudanese slave trader and military leader.

Life

Al-Zubayr was a powerful ivory and slave trader in what is now Sudan, Chad and Central Africa . He had an army of several thousand men. From 1869 he ruled Bahr al-Ghazal . In 1873 he successfully fought the Egyptian armed forces that were sent to Bahr al-Ghazal under Ballal Bey. The Khedive of Egypt then admitted his defeat and made the region an official Egyptian province, with al-Zubayr as governor. In 1873, aal-Zubayr attacked the Fur-Sultans , at that time still an independent empire in western Sudan, and conquered their land for the Egyptians by 1874. Khedive Ismail Pasha appointed him pasha for this .

In 1877, al-Zubayr served in an Egyptian contingent in the Russo-Ottoman War in Rumelia . In the same year Charles George Gordon ( Gordon Pasha ) became Governor General of Sudan. On August 4, 1877, an agreement was concluded between Egypt and the United Kingdom that should gradually stop the slave trade. In June 1878, al-Zubayr initiated an uprising among the slave traders. His son Suleiman led the uprising as al-Zubayr was held in Cairo . Gordon and the Italian governor of Bahr-el-Gazal, Gessi, were able to put down the uprising. Suleiman was shot dead in July 1880.

Although Gordon originally requested the deportation of al-Zubayr to Cyprus , he asked the Egyptian government to let al-Zubayr accompany him after the outbreak of the Mahdi uprising . On January 26, 1884, Gordon and al-Zubayr therefore met in the presence of Evelyn Wood , Giegler Pascha and Evelyn Baring . On March 8, Gordon telegraphed from Khartoum: "If you don't send Zubehr, there is no prospect of removing the garrison." The appointment of al-Zubayr was rejected by the Egyptian government, which did not want to see a former slave trader at the head of Sudan . As predicted by Gordon, the subsequent attempt to rescue the Egyptian garrison from Khartoum failed and ended with Gordon's death. In 1885 al-Zubayr was arrested in Cairo on suspicion of supporting the Mahdists and brought to Gibraltar . In 1887 he was allowed to return to Cairo. In 1899 he returned to Sudan after the suppression of the Mahdi uprising.

In the film Khartoum , Zia Mohyeddin played the character of al-Zubayr.

literature

• Byron Farwell: The encyclopedia of nineteenth-century land warfare. An illustrated world view . Norton, New York NY 2001, ISBN 0-393-04770-9 .
• Arthur Hodges: Kitchener . Vorhut-Verlag, Berlin 1937.
• Wilfried Westphal: Storm over the Nile. the Mahdi uprising, from the beginnings of Islamic fundamentalism . Parkland-Verlag, Sigmaringen 1998, ISBN 3-89340-025-7 .
• Richard Hill: A Biographical Dictionary of the Sudan . 2nd edition. Cass, London 1967, ISBN 0-7146-1037-2 , pp. 390f., ( Book search ).
• Winston S. Churchill : Crusade against the Empire of the Mahdi . Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-8218-6204-0 , ( Die Andere Bibliothek 282), (original: The River War. A Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan . London 1899).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Winston S. Churchill: Crusade against the Empire of the Mahdi, p. 96