Alawite state
The Alawite State ( French État des Alaouites , Arabic دولة جبل العلويين, DMG Daulat Ǧabal al-ʿAlawiyyīn ) was a state from 1920 to 1936 that was created on French mandate territory after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire .
history
With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War , there was a race among its war opponents for control of its provinces . France , which had conquered the area of the Vilayet Syria as early as 1918 , received the mandate from the League of Nations on September 2, 1920, over the Alawite territory , which formerly belonged to the Vilayet Beirut . Located in the coastal zone of today's Syria, it was and is the main settlement area of the Alawites (Nusairians).
Originally, the area was to become an independent territory under French administration, but on July 1, 1922 it became part of the League of Nations mandate for Syria and Lebanon and subsequently formed the newly created state together with the states of Damascus and Aleppo, which were also under French mandate Syrian Federation . Due to the split from the Syrian Federation on September 29, 1923, the territory did not become part of the newly founded state of Syria , but became a separate state in 1924 with the port city of Latakia as the capital. On January 1, 1925, this gave itself the name État des Alaouites .
From the beginning of the French mandate there were repeated revolts against the French occupation, which did not end even after the establishment of the state. One of the most famous uprisings began in 1919 and was led by the anti-French Alawite Salih al-Ali .
On September 22, 1930, the name of the Alawite state was changed to Independent Latak Governorate (French Governorate Indépendant de Lattaquié ). The population at the time was about 278,000. On December 5, 1936, the state was incorporated into the Republic of Syria , which came into force in 1937. On January 10, 1937, the Alawite flag was finally replaced by the national Syrian tricolor.
population
| Alawites | Sunnis | Ismailis | Christians | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 101,000 | 94,000 | 5,000 | 34,000 |
| Latakia, capital | urban, total | rural, overall | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 36,687 | 41,687 | 410.820 |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinz Halm : The Islamic Gnosis. The extreme Schia and the ʿAlawites. Artemis-Verlag, Zurich a. a. 1982, ISBN 3-7608-4530-4 .
- ↑ Stephen Hemsley Longrigg: Syria and Lebanon under the French Mandate. Oxford University Press, London a. a. 1958.
- ^ Philip S. Khoury: Syria and the French Mandate. The Politics of Arab Nationalism 1920–1945. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1987, ISBN 0-691-05486-X .
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