Allele-specific oligonucleotide

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Allele-specific oligonucleotide in a competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction

An allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) is a short, mostly synthetic DNA that is used in biochemistry and molecular biology to differentiate between single nucleotide polymorphisms .

properties

The DNA of different individuals contains various mutations , including those of the single nucleotide polymorphism type. These mutated variants only differ in one nucleotide and sometimes only appear on one allele , which makes specific detection of a certain variant more difficult. Allele-specific oligonucleotides bind specifically to only one of the variants and can thus be used to detect individual single nucleotide polymorphisms. ASO are mostly between 15 and 21 nucleotides long, complementary to their respective target DNA sequences and labeled .

Applications

ASO are used, among other things, as a hybridization probe in the Southern blot , in the dot blot and as an allele-specific primer in the polymerase chain reaction. Alternatively, single nucleotide polymorphisms can be detected by DNA sequencing .

history

Allele specific oligonucleotides were developed in 1979 by R. Bruce Wallace. It was first used in a polymerase chain reaction in 1985.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ E. Birney, JD Lieb, TS Furey, GE Crawford, VR Iyer: Allele-specific and heritable chromatin signatures in humans. In: Human Molecular Genetics . Volume 19, R2October 2010, pp. R204-R209, ISSN  1460-2083 , doi : 10.1093 / hmg / ddq404 , PMID 20846943 , PMC 2953746 (free full text).
  2. ^ AB Studencki, BJ Conner, CC Impraim, RL Teplitz, RB Wallace: Discrimination among the human beta A, beta S, and beta C-globin genes using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization probes. In: American Journal of Human Genetics . Volume 37, Number 1, January 1985, ISSN  0002-9297 , pp. 42-51, PMID 2983543 , PMC 1684544 (free full text).
  3. ^ MD Brennan: High throughput genotyping technologies for pharmacogenomics. In: American Journal of Pharmacogenomics . Volume 1, Number 4, 2001, ISSN  1175-2203 , pp. 295-302, PMID 12083961 .
  4. ^ RB Wallace, J. Shaffer, RF Murphy, J. Bonner, T. Hirose, K. Itakura: Hybridization of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides to phi chi 174 DNA: the effect of single base pair mismatch. In: Nucleic Acids Research . Volume 6, Number 11, August 1979, ISSN  0305-1048 , pp. 3543-3557, PMID 158748 , PMC 327955 (free full text).
  5. ↑ BJ Conner, AA Reyes, C. Morin, K. Itakura, RL Teplitz, RB Wallace: Detection of sickle cell beta S-globin allele by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . Volume 80, Number 1, January 1983, ISSN  0027-8424 , pp. 278-282, PMID 6572002 , PMC 393356 (free full text).
  6. ↑ RK Saiki, TL Bugawan, GT Horn, KB Mullis, HA Erlich: Analysis of enzymatically amplified beta-globin and HLA-DQ alpha DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. In: Nature . Volume 324, Number 6093, 1986 Nov 13-19, ISSN  0028-0836 , pp 163-166, doi : 10.1038 / 324163a0 , PMID 3785382 .