General Lexicon of Arts and Sciences
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The General Lexicon of Arts and Sciences is a broad real dictionary , the first edition of which was edited by Johann Theodor Jablonski (1654–1731) and published in 1721 by Fritsch in Leipzig . The encyclopedia was edited and edited in 1748 by a stranger and in 1767 by Johann Joachim Schwabe , each time significantly increased in volume.
content
The lexicon contains a preliminary report, a list of sources, the vocabulary and a register of the Latin ( Index Vocum Latinarum suis locis explicatarum ) and French ( Table Des noms et termes expliqués aux endroits marqués de l'ouvrage ) expressions.
For the dictionary, Jablonski mainly selected lemmas that required a description or explanation of the matter. He has not included foreign words where only the meaning is important. Furthermore, he has completely excluded concepts from theology and history, largely from geography (place names) and completely from genealogy (personal names). On the other hand, he was primarily concerned with the “description of natural things” , the terms of the sciences and the words “that occur in everyday dealings with all kinds of world affairs” . The presentation of the treated areas is very inconsistent. The articles from the field of philosophy are extremely broad and not very detailed. On the other hand, very special technical terms are given for the areas of mining and heraldry , for example . Overall, the breadth of the presentation is afflicted with many shortcomings.
Jablonski adds Latin and French translations to the lemmas where available. In the case of natural things, he divides the following article text into essence, properties, benefits and uses, rarities, and notes or secret interpretation. In terms of science, the nature and purpose are named, what they actually deal with and what they are used for, and the means of learning them are given. At the end of the article text, a title from the bibliography is usually given in abbreviated form as evidence. The length of the article texts varies greatly. While many occupy only one or two lines (narrow headwords), others are stretched out over several columns (broad headwords) without any indications for consistent treatment.
Jablonski refers mainly to synonymy and polysemy . In addition, he often refers to higher-level lemmas. The links have the form: s. ... (see ...).
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The following general reference works are listed in the bibliography:
- Du Cange : Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis . Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]: Typis Gabrielis Martini, 1678 (3 vols.)
- Le grand Dictionaire de l'Academie Francoise . Francfort: Arnaud, 1687. - 2nd ed. Paris 1696 (2 parts).
- Antoine Furetière : Dictionnaire universel . La Haye et al. a .: Leers, 1690 (3 vol.)
- John Harris : Lexicon technicum, or an universal dictionary of arts and sciences . London 1704
- Johann Jakob Hofmann : Lexicon universale . Ed. absolutissima. Leiden 1698 (4 vol.)
The remaining works are mainly divided into the following areas (the proportions of the total number of titles are given in brackets):
- Travel descriptions (over 17%)
- Natural history writings (over 12%)
- Historical and political works (over 7%)
- Medicine (over 7%)
- Jura (almost 6%)
- Mineralogy and Metallurgy (almost 4%)
- Mathematics (approx. 2%)
- Philosophy (just under 2%)
expenditure
- General Lexicon of the Arts and Sciences; Or Kurtze description of the realm of nature, the heavens and heavenly bodies, the air, the earth, including those known plants, the animals, stones and earths, the sea and the creatures living in it: the same of all human actions, state and legal war - Policey, household and scholarly business, handicrafts and trades, including the explanation of the articulate words and forms of speech occurring therein, with Latin and French names where they exist. Thomas Fritsch, Leipzig (918 pages).
- [...] New, increased by half, and continuously improved edition. 2 volumes. Hartung, Königsberg / Leipzig 1748 (1456 pages).
- [...] revisited, improved and greatly increased by Johann Joachim Schwabe [...]. Zeise and Hartung, Königsberg / Leipzig 1767 (1852 pages).
- Microfiche edition of all editions: Fischer, Erlangen 1988 (= Archive of European Lexicography: Dept. 1: Encyclopedias. 42).
See also
literature
- Richard Collison: Encyclopaedias . 2nd ed. New York a. a. : Hafner, 1964, p. 102
- Bernhard Kossmann: German universal lexica of the 18th century. Their nature and their informational value, illustrated using the example of Jablonski and Zedler. In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade, Frankfurt edition. No. 89, (November 5) 1968, pp. 2947-2968, here: 2950-2953.
