Alpine glass snail

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Alpine glass snail
Alpine glass snail (Oligolimax annularis)

Alpine glass snail ( Oligolimax annularis )

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Limacoidea
Family : Glass snails (Vitrinidae)
Subfamily : Plutoniinae
Genre : Oligolimax
Type : Alpine glass snail
Scientific name
Oligolimax annularis
( Studer , 1820)

The Alpine glass snail ( Oligolimax annularis ) is a type of snail from the family of glass snails (Vitrinidae), which is counted among the land snails (Stylommatophora).

features

The right-hand wound housing is flat-conical. In the side view, the thread is clearly raised. It measures 4.2 to 5.2 mm in diameter and 2.6 mm in height. There are 3 to 3½, comparatively tightly wound, rapidly growing turns. The end turn is only about two fifths of the diameter of the turn in the apical view. The turns are well arched at the top, the seam is deep. The overall habitus of the case is therefore rather spherical. The navel is narrow but mostly open. The skin seam on the underside of the end turn is very narrow or even absent. The mouth is very slightly transversely elliptical or transversely ovoid when viewed directly from above. The mouth width is 2.9 mm, the mouth height 2.8 mm. The incision through the previous turn is comparatively very small. The mouth is very oblique to the coil axis. The mouth edge is straight and pointed.

The shell is thin and fragile. It is slightly greenish to yellowish horn-colored and only moderately translucent. The surface (of the Teleoconch ) shows comparatively very clear and somewhat irregular, often wrinkled growth strips. The embryonic casing has 1.3 turns and is clearly finely striped than the teleoconch.

The soft body is uniformly colored dark gray. The mantle strip in front of the mouth edge is quite narrow. A coat flap that could lie on the housing is missing in this type. The sole of the foot is divided into three parts in the longitudinal direction, two dark gray side fields enclose a lighter middle field. The radula consists of about 90 transverse rows. Each transverse row consists of 39 teeth. The half row consists of a central tooth, six lateral teeth, and 12 peripheral teeth.

In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the hermaphroditic duct opens into the large, triangular, black pigmented protein gland (albumin gland). The egg sperm duct is comparatively short and swollen. The free fallopian tube (oviduct) is very short, the vagina relatively long. The spermathec has a moderately long stem. The bladder is small, pear-shaped, and barely thicker than the stem. The upper part of the vagina is muscular and clearly separated from the lower vagina. The upper part opens into a long vaginal papilla that extends into the lower part of the vagina. The perivaginal gland is limited to the area with the insertion of the stalk of the spermathec and the uppermost part of the vagina.

In the male tract, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is moderately long and penetrates almost apically into the very small penis. The penile retractor muscle attaches directly apically. A longitudinal furrow is formed internally in the penis. The penis and vagina open into a comparatively long atrium. The penile reactor muscle runs above the right eye carrier retractor.

Similar species

The housing or the thread is higher than that of the other European glass snails. even than in the spherical glass snail ( Vitrina pellucida ). The very coarse, often wrinkled growth strips are also very characteristic. The shell is not as transparent (glass-like) as in the other European glass snail species.

Distribution of the alpine glass snail in Europe and western Turkey (according to Welter-Schultes, 2012)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The range of the species stretches from the Iberian Peninsula (with some very isolated occurrences), over the Alps, to the Apennine Peninsula, over the Balkans to Turkey and the Caucasus, the Crimean Peninsula, Iran, Turkestan and Afghanistan .

The animals live in moist to rather dry open habitats, under and between sparsely vegetated rocks and scree slopes in mountain regions, mainly at altitudes of 1,000 m and higher. In the Alps it was found up to 2,680 m, in Bulgaria even up to 2,800 m above sea level. In the Alps the species has been found sporadically from 550 m.

Way of life

Lothar Forcart found adult and young animals in Sion (Switzerland) in mid-May. He also found both adult and young animals when they were collected in mid-April near Ankara (Turkey). On the other hand, he found only adult animals at Sitten in September. He therefore assumed that the life cycle is probably over a year and that reproduction takes place in spring.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described by Samuel Studer in 1820 as Hyalina annularis . The taxon is generally recognized and is made consistent with the genus Oligolimax P. Fischer, 1878.

Some authors also exclude subspecies that MolluscaBase does not recognize:

  • Oligolimax annularis annularis (nominate subspecies)
  • Oligolimax annularis persicus Boettger, 1889.

Danger

Vollrath Wiese has it under the heading Extremely seldom in Germany.

literature

  • David Geyer: Our land and freshwater mollusks . XI + 224 pp., 3rd, completely reworked. Edition KG Lutz-Verlag, Stuttgart 1927, p. 53.
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 p., Paul Parey, Hamburg, p. 156/57 (as Phenacolomax (Gallandia) annularis ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, Dietrich von Knorre: Trivial names of land and fresh water mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 , p. 124.
  2. ↑ Folco Giusti, Viviana Fiorentino, Andrea Benocci, Giuseppe Manganelli: A Survey of Vitrinid Land Snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacoidea). Malacologia, 53 (2): 279-363, 2011 Academia.edu , p. 321.
  3. ↑ Gaston Mermod: Notes on Vitrina annularis Stud. Et Gallandia conoidea Mart. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 30: 309–316, 1923 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  4. ↑ a b Gaston Mermod: Note on Vitrina annularis Stud. De Crimée. Archives for Molluscology, 59: 321–331, 1927 PDF
  5. ↑ a b c d Lothar Forcart: Monograph of the Swiss Vitrinidae (Moll. Pulm.). Revue Suisse des Zoologie, 51: 629–678, 1944 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , pp. 658–660.
  6. ^ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 S., Bucharest 1983, pp. 65-67 (as Phenacolimax (Gallandia) annularis ).
  7. ^ A b Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 425)
  8. ↑ Samuel Studer: Short list of the conchylia discovered up to now in our fatherland. Natural Science Gazette of the General Swiss Society for the Whole Natural Sciences, 3 (11): 83–90, 91–94, Bern 1820 Online at ETH Zurich , p. 86.
  9. ↑ AnimalBase: Oligolimax annularis (Studer, 1820)
  10. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Oligolimax annularis (S. Studer, 1820)
  11. ↑ a b MolluscaBase: Oligolimax annularis (S. Studer, 1820). Version dated June 27, 2017
  12. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 11 Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (11): 1467-1626, Moscow 2003 ISSN  0136-0027 , p. 1488.
  13. ↑ a b Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 230).

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