Limacoidea
| Limacoidea | ||||||||||||
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Black snail ( Limax cinereoniger ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Limacoidea | ||||||||||||
| Rafinesque-Schmaltz , 1815 |
The Limacoidea are a superfamily of land snails (Stylommatophora), in which nudibranchs and half-nudibranchs are grouped together that still have a small shell in or on their mantle.
features
The Limacoidea are large to very large slugs that can reach up to 25 cm in length when stretched out. With a few exceptions, the coat is rather small and is located in the front part of the body. The housing is usually greatly reduced. In the family of glass snails , the transition from a shell snail to a slug can be observed particularly well. There are still species with a small housing and species whose housing has been completely moved into the jacket. The sole is divided into three parts. The so-called stimulator in the sex opening of the animals is regarded as an apomorphic match, although little is known about its exact function. However, the characteristic has been partially or completely reduced in several groups and thus complicates the relationship research.
Way of life and occurrence
The species of Limacoidea are predominantly herbivores or omnivores. The worm snail family predominantly lives predatory or feeds on the eggs of other snails. The superfamily was originally from Europe, North Africa, West and Central Asia. Many species have been introduced around the world today.
Systematics
The superfamily Limacoidea s. st. is divided into four families:
- Schnegel family (Limacidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815)
- Family field snails (Agriolimacidae Wagner, 1935)
- Wormsail family (Boettgerillidae van Goethem, 1972)
- Family glass snails (Vitrinidae Fitzinger, 1833)
Some authors give the superfamily a much larger scope. The superfamily has the greatest extent in the work of Hausdorf (1998), who in his cladistic analysis describes the superfamily as Limacoidea sensu lato .
Phylogeny
In 1998 Bernhard Hausdorf published a comprehensive cladistic analysis of the Limacoidea s. l., also called "Limacoid clade". However, Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) limited the scope of the superfamily to the above four families. According to this model, the "Limacoid clade" is the sister taxon of the Helicoidea , which, however, has not been further analyzed.
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supporting documents
literature
- Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Bernhard Hausdorf: Phylogeny of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). In: Journal of Molluscan Studies. 64: 35-66, London 1998 ISSN 0260-1230
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. In: Ruthenica. Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1488, Moscow 2003 ISSN 0136-0027
Individual evidence
- ↑ Barbara Nitz, René Heim, Ulrich E. Schneppat, Isabel Hyman and Gerhard Haszprunar: Towards a new standard in slug species descriptions: the case of Limax sarnensis Heim & Nitz n. Sp. (Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Western Central Alps . Journal of Molluscan Studies 75 (3): 279-294, 2009 doi : 10.1093 / mollus / eyp030
- ↑ a b Hausdorf (1998: p. 41 ff.)
- ↑ Bouchet & Rocroi (2005: p. 268)
