Ariophantidae
Ariophantidae | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ariophantidae | ||||||||||||
Godwin-Austen , 1888 |
The Ariophantidae are a family from the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora). They are mostly small to at most medium-sized forms that are native to Africa and Southeast Asia as well as New Guinea. Some species have become nudibranchs or have greatly reduced their shells in the adult stage ("half-slugs").
features
The casings are low-conical ("helicoid") to flattened, some shapes have greatly reduced casings that are partially covered by the jacket; a few forms have only plate-like relics of the housing that are overgrown by the mantle. The last handle is rounded or keeled in the case-supporting forms. Often there is a spiral and radial stripe, which is usually not very strong. The mouth is almost always without "teeth", the navel is narrow or closed.
The jaw is oxygnath or polyplacognath, a mucus pit ("caudal foss") and caudal horn on the tail are present. The hermaphroditic genital tract is tortuous, the ovotestis consist of one to several lumps with very small acini . The talon is usually visible, small and teardrop-shaped. In the male genital tract, the flagellum is of different lengths, originally with crypts in the walls and axial threads. The epiphallic caecum (blind sac) is straight, rolled up in a spiral or it may be absent. The penis may or may not have a rim. A penile gland may also be present or absent. The penis sheath is always quite thin. The penile retractor is attached to the epiphallus above, on or below the blind sac. A sarcobelum ( irritant body) can be present or absent.
Geographical distribution
The representatives of the family are native to Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Maldives, Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Moluccas, Indonesia and New Guinea.
Taxonomy and systematics
The family Ariophantidae is divided into three subfamilies by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- Family Ariophantidae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Subfamily Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Ariophanta Des Moulins, 1829 (with the subgenera A. (Ariophanta) Des Moulins, 1829, A. (Celectella) Schileyko, 2002)
- Bapuia Godwin-Austen, 1918
- Cryptogirasia Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Cryptozona Mörch, 1872 (is alsotreatedas a subgenus of Ariphanta )
- Dalinga Godwin-Austen, 1907
- Dekhania Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Dihangia Godwin-Austen, 1916
- Euplecta Semper, 1870
- Galongia Godwin-Austen, 1916
- Girasia Gray, 1855
- Hemiplecta Albers, 1850
- Indrella Godwin-Austen, 1901
- Khasiella Godwin-Austen, 1899
- Koratia Godwin-Austen, 1919
- Mariaella Gray, 1855
- Megaustenia Cockerell, 1912
- Muangnua Solem, 1966
- Nanina Sowerby, 1842
- Ratnadvipia Godwin-Austen, 1899
- Ratvana Godwin-Austen, 1901
- Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907
- Sesara Martens, 1860
- Sitala Adams, 1865
- Sitalinopsis Thiele, 1931
- Taphrospira Blanford, 1905
- Subfamily Macrochlamydinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Baiaplecta Laidlaw, 1956
- Himalodiscus Kuznetsov, 1996
- Macrochlamys Benson, 1832 (with the subgenera M. (Macrochlamys) Benson, 1832, M. (Bensoniens) Baker, 1938, M. (Parvatella) Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908, M. (Euaustenia) Cockerell, 1898, M. (Rhadella) Godwin-Austen, 1914)
- ? Microcystina Mörch, 1872
- Oxytesta Zilch, 1956
- Rahula Godwin-Austen, 1907 (with the subgenera R. (Rahula) Godwin-Austen, 1907 and R. (Sinaenigma) Pilsbry, 1934)
- Sakiella Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Syama Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Tadunia Godwin-Austen, 1918
- Vitrinula Gray, 1857
- Subfamily Ostracolethinae Simroth, 1901
- Ostracolethe Simroth, 1901
- Myotesta Collinge, 1901
- Minyongia Godwin-Austen, 1916
- Subfamily Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
According to Schileyko (2002/3), however, the family has the following scope:
- Family Ariophantidae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Subfamily Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Tribus Ariophantini Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Tribus Sophinini Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Tribus Satiellini Schileyko, 2003
- Tribus Macrochlamydini Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Subfamily Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- Subfamily Trochozonitinae Iredale, 1914
- Tribus Trochozonitini Iredale, 1914
- Tribus Sheldoniini Connolly, 1925
- ? Tribus Upembellini van Goethem, 1977
- Tribus Zonitarionini Schileyko, 2003
- Tribus Acantharionini Schileyko, 2003
- Subfamily Trochonanininae Connolly, 1912
- Subfamily Parmarininae Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Tribus Parmarionini Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Tribus Microparmarionini Schileyko, 2003
- Subfamily Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
The subfamily Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1888, on the other hand, is placed by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) to the family Helicarionidae (in syn. Of Helicarioninae). The Trochozonitinae Iredale, 1914 and Trochonanininae Connolly, 1912 are included in the family Urocyclidae Simroth, 1889 (in synonymy of the subfamily Sheldoninae Connolly, 1925) by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). And the subfamily Parmarioninae Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908 is treated as a subfamily of the Parmacellidae family. The subfamily Ostracolethinae is understood by Schileyko as an independent family.
literature
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 9 Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (9); 1167-1307, Moscow 2002 ISSN 0136-0027
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10; Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement, 2 (10): 1309-1466, Moscow 2003 ISSN 0136-0027