Steppe snails
| Steppe snails | ||||||||||||
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Sphincterochila boissieri (Charpentier, 1847), type species of the genus Sphincterochila |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Sphincterochilidae | ||||||||||||
| Zilch , 1960 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Sphincterochila | ||||||||||||
| Ancey , 1887 |
The genus and family of steppe snails ( Sphincterochila or Sphincterochilidae) are a monotypical genus and family from the subordination of land snails (Stylommatophora). The only genus of the family contains about 15 recent species. The oldest members of the family are known from the Upper Eocene ( Palaeogene ).
features
The housings are spherical to lens-shaped. The skin is relatively thick and pure white. With the exception of a few species, the cases are not very sculpted. The navel is moderately wide to closed. However, the species are often very variable. The sole is divided into three parts. The jaws are smooth, not ribbed, with e.g. T. a median lead. The atrium or vagina have an appendix that is likely to be interpreted as a heavily modified arrow sac. A love arrow is missing, there is a single mucous gland.
Occurrence, way of life and distribution
The species of the family live in rocky deserts and steppes as well as semi-arid areas. They are bound to chalky soils and can endure extreme drought and direct sunlight. The housing is closed by an epiphragm. In rigidity, they can survive for several years. They feed on algae and lichens that are grazed from the subsurface. The range of the family and their only genus are arid coastal areas around the Mediterranean Sea and the coastal areas around the Red Sea.
Systematics
The steppe snail family currently includes only one genus Sphincterochila , which Schileyko divides into six subgenera. The name Albeidae Pallary, 1909 actually has priority. He had been replaced by Zilch because he valued the type genus Albea Pallary, 1909 as a younger synonym of Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887.
- Steppe snails (Sphincterochilidae Zilch, 1960)
- Genus Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887 (with subgenera Sphincterochila (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887, Sphincterochila (Cariosula) Pallary, 1910, Sphincterochila (Zilchena) Forcart, 1972, Sphincterochila (rima) Pallary, 1910, Sphincterochila (Albea) Pallary, 1909, Sphincterochila ( Cerigottella) Gittenberger, 1993)
- Andalusian steppe snail ( Sphincterochila baetica (Rossmässler, 1854))
- Sphincterochila boissieri (Charpentier, 1847)
- White steppe snail ( Sphincterochila candidissima (Draparnaud, 1801))
- Algerian steppe snail ( Sphincterochila cariosula (Michaud, 1833))
- Sphincterochila insularis (Boettger, 1894)
- Sphincterochila prophetarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
- Genus Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887 (with subgenera Sphincterochila (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887, Sphincterochila (Cariosula) Pallary, 1910, Sphincterochila (Zilchena) Forcart, 1972, Sphincterochila (rima) Pallary, 1910, Sphincterochila (Albea) Pallary, 1909, Sphincterochila ( Cerigottella) Gittenberger, 1993)
Phylogeny
The position of the Sphincterochilidae within the Helicoidea has not yet been conclusively clarified. According to the cladogram by Steinke, Albrecht & Pfenninger (2004), the genera Cochlicella and Sphincterochila are the sister taxons of the Helicellinae within the Hygromiidae. If these findings are confirmed, the Sphincterochilidae and Cochlicellidae can certainly not be maintained as families.
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literature
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
- Joris M. Koene and Hinrich Schulenburg: Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 5:25, 13 pages, 2005 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-5-25
- Hartmut Nordsieck: Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyzes of their phylogeny . 2006 PDF (server currently not accessible)
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 12 Bradybaenidae, Monadeniidae, Xanthonychidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Elonidae, Humboldtianidae, Sphincterochilidae, Cochlicellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1627-1763, Moscow 2005 ISSN 0136-0027
- Dirk Steinke, Christian Albrecht and Markus Pfenninger: Molecular phylogeny and character evolution in the Western Palaearctic Helicidae sl (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32: 724-734, San Diego 2004 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2004.03.004 .
