Parmacelloidea
| Parmacelloidea | ||||||||||||
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Soil milacidae ( Tandonia budapestensis ) from the family of milacidae (Milacidae) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Parmacelloidea | ||||||||||||
| Fisherman , 1856 |
The Parmacelloidea are a superfamily of land snails (Stylommatophora), in which nudibranchs are grouped together that still have a small shell in their shell.
features
The Parmacelloidea are medium-sized to large nudibranchs that can reach up to 20 cm in length when stretched out. In the adult animals there is still a small bowl in the mantle shield, which is a rudiment of the original snail shell. With the mantle snails , the young animals that have just hatched can even retreat into the small housing before it is overgrown by the mantle shield and only continues to grow in the form of a plate. The Parmacelloidea are characterized by a horseshoe-shaped pit on the mantle shield. The feature is interpreted as an apomorphic match.
Way of life and occurrence
The species of the Parmaceloidea are mainly herbivores, but they also eat carrion or carnivores. They occur in moist, but also in dry habitats. The representatives of the superfamily were originally limited to Europe, North Africa and West Asia. However, individual species have been introduced around the world today.
Systematics
The superfamily is divided into three families:
- Kielschnegel (Milacidae Ellis, 1926)
- Mantled snail (Parmacellidae P. Fischer, 1856)
- Trigonochlamydidae Hesse, 1882
The family and superfamily name Cryptellidae Gray, 1855 or Cryptelloidea is the oldest scientific name for this family group. However, it has been forgotten and is regarded as a nomen oblitum (forgotten name). The name Parmacellidae thus remains valid.
Phylogeny
In 1998 Bernd Hausdorf carried out a comprehensive cladistic relationship analysis of the Limacoidea s. l. (= "Limacoid clade" sensu Bouchet and Rocroi 2005) published. In this cladogram, the Parmacelloidea form the sister taxon of an unnamed group consisting of the actual Limacoidea (see str.), The Zonitoidea and the Helicarionoidea . The internal phylogeny within the Parmcelloidea has not yet been resolved.
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literature
- Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Bernhard Hausdorf: Phylogeny of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). In: Journal of Molluscan Studies. 64: 35-66, London 1998 ISSN 0260-1230
- Arkadij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs Part 10 Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. In: Ruthenica. Supplement 2 (10): 1307-1466, Moscow 2003 ISSN 0136-0027
