Alpha-2 globulin

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Alpha-2 globulin
Alpha-2 globulin
Surface model of the human A2M tetramer (from two sides), according to PDB  4ACQ
Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 1451 amino acids
Secondary to quaternary structure Homotetramer
Identifier
Gene name A2M
External IDs
Inhibitor classification
MEROPS I39.001
Occurrence
Parent taxon Vertebrates , some invertebrates

Alpha-2-globulins (actually alpha-2-macroglobulins) are plasma proteins in vertebrates , which are mainly synthesized by macrophages and, as protease inhibitors, have a broad spectrum of inhibitory properties. These are acute phase proteins that are part of the innate immune response . They are members of the family of the same name, which also includes the complement components C3 , C4 , C5 and the ovostatin of birds.

Laboratory value

The reference range (previously: normal value) for this parameter is between 7.2 and 11.3% or 4.8–9.4 g / l for men and women. It is possible by means of electrophoresis ( molecular mass 750,000 Dalton ) to isolate this fraction (alpha-2 fraction) and to examine it for increased or decreased values.

Elevated values ​​are found, for example, in inflammation , malignancies , myocardial infarction , sepsis , nephrotic syndrome , post-operative, post-traumatic, in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or in obstructive jaundice .

Lower values ​​are found in chronically active hepatitis , a haptoglobin deficiency , acute pancreatitis or Wilson's disease .

literature

  • HM Atkinson, N. Parmar, et al. a .: Determination of alpha-2-macroglobulin complexes by a new immuno-activity assay. In: Thrombosis research. Volume 129, number 5, May 2012, pp. 635-640, doi : 10.1016 / j.thromres.2011.07.029 . PMID 21849207 .
  • C. Meyer, W. Hinrichs, U. Hahn: Human α2-macroglobulin - another variation on the venus flytrap. In: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. In English). Volume 51, number 21, May 2012, pp. 5045–5047, doi : 10.1002 / anie.201201104 . PMID 22488953 .
  • LM Eubanks, GN Stowe et al. a .: Identification of α2 macroglobulin as a major serum ghrelin esterase. In: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. In English). Volume 50, number 45, November 2011, pp. 10699-10702, doi : 10.1002 / anie.201104512 . PMID 21928452 .
  • EV Bowers, JJ Horvath et al. a .: Antigen delivery by alpha (2) macroglobulin enhances the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology . Volume 86, Number 5, November 2009, pp. 1259-1268, doi : 10.1189 / jlb.1008653 . PMID 19652028 . PMC 2774884 (free full text).
  • V. Buresova, O. Hajdusek et al. a .: IrAM-An alpha2-macroglobulin from the hard tick Ixodes ricinus: characterization and function in phagocytosis of a potential pathogen Chryseobacterium indologenes. In: Developmental and comparative immunology. Volume 33, Number 4, April 2009, pp. 489-498, doi : 10.1016 / j.dci.2008.09.011 . PMID 18948134 .
  • M. Mihailovi ?, S. Dobri? u. a .: The acute-phase protein alpha2-macroglobulin plays an important role in radioprotection in the rat. In: Shock (Augusta, Ga.). Volume 31, Number 6, June 2009, pp. 607-614, doi : 10.1097 / SHK.0b013e31818bb625 . PMID 18838941 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ PROSITE : Alpha-2-macroglobulin family (English)