Old Synagogue (Düsseldorf)

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The old synagogue was located on Kasernenstrasse in Düsseldorf and was inaugurated on March 24, 1792. After a renovation, it was inaugurated again in September 1875. It was later replaced by the Great Synagogue some 300 meters further south. The building has not been preserved.

history

The classicist building (Peter Joseph Krahe)

In 1787, the Jewish community acquired an area on Kasernenstrasse and on October 18, 1789, applied for a building permit for a synagogue.

The synagogue was built according to designs by Peter Joseph Krahe from 1790 to 1792 in the classical style. It was "a certain exception [...] because of its layout, since the synagogue was architecturally closely connected with a few porches and a courtyard and thus linked to the building program for the Jerusalem Temple". With the connection to the "temple as the oldest Jewish religious building" a dispute arose about an "own Jewish" architectural style, which stood in contrast to a "church style" and "national style" in Germany.

At that time, people wanted to avoid the synagogue standing out in the cityscape. Therefore, the rabbi's house was placed on the street in front of the sacred building. Before the Jews were granted full civil rights, there were many prayer rooms in the back of the building, as was the case in Düsseldorf. The rectangular synagogue had a gallery on three sides; The model was the Bevis Marks Synagogue in London , built between 1699 and 1701 , the oldest synagogue in England. The completed building complex was inaugurated on March 24, 1792.

Krahe's designs provided for a three-storey front building (the rabbi's apartment) and a rectangular synagogue, with the two buildings being connected by a semicircular courtyard. Finally, the buildings were simplified by Peter Köhler. The front building dedicated to the rabbi was only built on two floors. The semicircular courtyard wall was not realized.

The entrance to the synagogue and the Jewish schoolhouse was located between houses number 17 and 19 Kasernenstrasse.

  • Old synagogue, draft PJ Krahe, elevation.

  • Old synagogue, design by PJ Krahe, floor plan.

  • Old synagogue, draft by PJ Krahe, executed floor plan.

  • Old synagogue, design by PJ Krahe, cross-section.

The Moorish Building (Deckers & Kuhne)

Since the Jewish community grew rapidly in the 19th century, the Jewish community in Düsseldorf had, in “ October 1873, concluded a contract with Messrs. Deckers & Kuhne, according to which the synagogue could be built without anything portable and without gas and water pipes for the sum from 15,000 thalers should be carried out . ”So from 1873 to 1875, a reconstruction for the purpose of expanding the synagogue took place according to the designs of Franz Deckers together with Kuhne. This was in the Moorish style - “ The architects Deckers & Kuhne made a draft of which an elevation of the front facade was preserved. This elevation clearly shows Moorish style elements ”. When the Dusseldorf synagogue was completed, Franz Deckers presented the synagogue with the Jewish community board with the words: “ We hope to have contributed to the glorification of God, the almighty master builder of all worlds. May this temple be and remain a teaching place for the love of the fatherland and the love of the neighbor for centuries, without prejudice to the faith and the religious creed . "

Decker's speech was controversially discussed by Genger and Griese in aspects of Jewish life in Düsseldorf and on the Lower Rhine :

“[The builders were] patriots, but they are unlikely to have proclaimed that a synagogue was primarily a 'teaching place for love for the fatherland'. Charity: Was architect Deckers instructed by his clients that the commandment of charity is not an invention of Christians, but goes back to the Torah, the holy book of the Jews? And as for the subordinate clause, 'without prejudice to faith and religious denomination', he might mean that all citizens of the German Reich enjoy all civil and civic rights without prejudice to their faith and religious beliefs [...] "

The co-architect of the synagogue is called Kuhne on the one hand, and he also appears as Kühn on the other . Karl Kühn was an architect at Charlottenstrasse in 1878. 96 occupied in Düsseldorf.

  • Kühn Karl Architect Charlottenstr. 96 (Address book of the Lord Mayor's Office in Düsseldorf for 1878, 1st record of all residents of the Lord Mayor's office in Düsseldorf, page 85) .jpg

  • Old synagogue, inside in the style of historicism after the renovation in 1873/1875

  • Layout

Web links

Commons : Old Synagogue  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hannelore Künzl: Synagogues. In: Eduard Trier and Willy Weyres (eds.): Art of the 19th century in the Rhineland , volume. Architektur I., 1st edition Düsseldorf 1980, p. 339.
  2. ↑ a b c d Hannelore Künzl: Synagogues. In: Eduard Trier and Willy Weyres (eds.): Art of the 19th century in the Rhineland , volume. Architektur I., 1st edition Düsseldorf 1980, p. 341.
  3. ↑ Carol Herselle Krinsky: Europe's synagogues. Architecture, history and meaning . Fourier, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-925037-89-6 . Pp. 40, 48, 80, 97, 98, 412.
  4. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Düsseldorf. History from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 2. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , pp. 231f.
  5. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf , Triltsch publishing house, Düsseldorf 1993, page 495.
  6. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): History of the city of Düsseldorf in twelve treatises. Commemorative publication for the 600th anniversary. Volume 3, C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1888, p. 244. (online at Google books )
  7. ^ Architects and Engineers Association in Düsseldorf (ed.): Düsseldorf and its buildings. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, pp. 141f
  8. ↑ Angela Genger, Kerstin Griese: Aspects of Jewish life: in Düsseldorf and on the Niederrhein, 1997, p. 63
  9. ↑ Angela Genger, Kerstin Griese: Aspects of Jewish life: in Düsseldorf and on the Niederrhein, 1997, p. 63
  10. ↑ Angela Genger, Kerstin Griese: Aspects of Jewish life: in Düsseldorf and on the Niederrhein, 1997, p. 64
  11. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): History of the city of Düsseldorf in twelve treatises. Commemorative publication for the 600th anniversary. Volume 3, C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1888, p. 244.
  12. ^ Architects and Engineers Association in Düsseldorf (ed.): Düsseldorf and its buildings. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, pp. 141f
  13. ↑ Angela Genger, Kerstin Griese: Aspects of Jewish life: in Düsseldorf and on the Niederrhein, 1997, p. 64
  14. ↑ Address book of the Lord Mayor's Office Düsseldorf for 1878, I. Evidence of all residents of the Lord Mayor's Office Düsseldorf p. 85.

literature

  • Hannelore Künzl: Synagogues. In: Eduard Trier and Willy Weyres (eds.): Art of the 19th century in the Rhineland , volume. Architektur I., 1st edition Düsseldorf 1980, pp. 339–347.
  • Architects and Engineers Association of Düsseldorf (ed.): Düsseldorf and its buildings. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, pp. 141f
  • Barbara Suchy with the collaboration of Ulrich Knufinke: Synagogues in Düsseldorf. From 1712 to the present , Ed. Förderkreis der Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Düsseldorf eV in cooperation with the Jewish community Düsseldorf, Small series of the Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Düsseldorf Volume 3, Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2013, 64 pp.

See also

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 26.1 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 30.2 ″  E