Old Jewish Cemetery (Kiel)

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The Old Jewish Cemetery of Kiel is located on the Michelsenstraße about 250 meters east of the general Südfriedhofes . The area has the backyard location typical of Jewish cemeteries . It is in use. The old Jewish cemetery is enclosed by a high wall and is not open to the public. After the fall of the Jewish community during the National Socialist era , the cemetery was little used. In 2004, two new Jewish communities were founded in Kiel, using both the cemetery on Michelsenstrasse and other burial grounds on Eichhofstrasse.

history

Although lived in the city since the 17th century, Jews, them was the public practice of religion has been denied for long. Until 1867, services were only possible in privately furnished prayer rooms and deceased Kiel Jews were buried in Rendsburg until the middle of the 19th century .

The morgue and prayer room built in 1887.
The then community leader Julius Lask had the avenue of trees on Mittelweg planted.

Even before an independent community was founded, the local Jews acquired the 2010 square meter area on Michelsenstrasse with the permission of the King and the City of Kiel. On March 13, 1852 19 persons responsible for the changer Adolph Samson and trade man Jacobi Hirsch as an agent and notarized the notary . In future, the Jews from Kiel and Brunswik (a district of Kiel since 1869) were to find their final resting place on the property , both present and future, as the power of attorney expressly stated. On July 8, 1852, the two authorized representatives finally concluded the contract with the previous owner Magdalena Dorothea Repenning for the purchase “of the belt belonging to her, located on Papenkamp under no. 14 A., which contained the earlier numbers 70, 71 and 72 of Papenkamp an area of ​​one hundred and twenty square rods ”. The contract also states the purchase price, the obligation to enclose the area, the fees for the piece of land and the other costs to be borne by the buyers, but not that the property is to serve as a cemetery in the future. On July 29th, the city council of Kiel confirmed the purchase by the Israelite community . The top management knew that the buyers wanted to set up a cemetery on Michelsenstrasse. A year and a half later, in a letter to the buyers Adolph Samson and Jacobi Hirsch, the magistrate reprimanded that they had pretended to be agents of the Israelite community , which did not exist at the time. The letter also shows that the Danish King Frederick VII subsequently approved the purchase and establishment of the cemetery, which was used as a burial place after the purchase. Only after the German-Danish War of 1864 was it possible to officially establish a community in the now Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1867.

The morgue with a small prayer room was built by the community in 1887 according to plans by the architect C. Amelow on the cemetery. It replaced a simple wooden shed that had been on the site since 1876. In the building there is a memorial plaque for the war dead. The then community leader Julius Lask had the avenue of trees on Mittelweg planted towards the end of the 19th century after allegedly receiving an anonymous donation. After his death it was revealed that Lask himself was the benefactor.

Up until the fall of the community during the Nazi era , 379 funerals had taken place. The cemetery was desecrated several times until the end of the Second World War . Around 230 historical tombstones have been preserved. The grave inscriptions on these were written in German until the end of the First World War, then almost exclusively in Hebrew. Only the names were still written in German during the Weimar Republic . This changed after 1933, when the whole grave inscription was again written in German. The symbol of the priestly hands giving blessings can be seen on three gravestones , which refers to members of the priestly tribe of Kohanim (nicknamed Kohen or KaZ). Eleven gravestones bear the Star of David , which, before it became a general Jewish symbol, was also used to represent the name David . During the Second World War, the cemetery and the mourning hall were devastated by bombs. In 1947 returned Jews restored the cemetery and had the morgue rebuilt.

Few burials took place after the Second World War. It was even closed from 1973 to the end of the 1990s. In 2004, two new Jewish communities were founded in Kiel, using both the cemetery on Michelsenstrasse and other burial grounds on Eichhofstrasse. There, the Orthodox Jewish community of Kiel, with its currently 460 members, has a parcel of around 500 square meters on the site of the old urn cemetery, and the liberal Jewish community of Kiel, with its currently around 130 members, has a parcel of around 250 square meters.

See also

literature

  • Excluded - Despised - Destroyed: On the History of the Jews in Schleswig-Holstein . In: State Center for Civic Education Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): Present questions . tape 74 . Kiel 1994, ISBN 3-88312-010-3 .

Web links

Commons : Alter Jüdischer Friedhof (Kiel)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Kiel (Schleswig-Holstein) . In: jewische-gemeinden.de . Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c Jürgen Bähr (Ed.): Kiel 1879–1979: Development of the city and the surrounding area in the image of the topographic map 1: 25000. For the 32nd German Cartographers' Day 11.-14. May 1983 in Kiel (Kieler Geographische Schriften. Volume 58). Kiel 1983. ISBN 3-923887-00-0 . P. 50
  3. ^ A b Arthur Posner: Die Junden in Kiel in the decade from 1850-1860. In: Monthly for the history and science of Judaism, year 72 (NF 36), volume 5/6 (May / June 1928), pp. 287–291. Available online at Compact Memory . P. 287f.
  4. ↑ a b Ulrich Knufinke: Buildings of Jewish cemeteries in Germany (series of publications by the Bet Tfila research center for Jewish architecture in Europe. Volume III). Petersberg 2007. ISBN 3-86568-206-5 , p. 452
  5. ↑ Viktoria Ladyshenski: Jewish Community of Kiel and region . Retrieved March 16, 2016
  6. ↑ a b Jürgen Festersen: The Jewish Cemetery in Kiel . In: Kielerleben.de, July 19, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  7. ↑ See the entries Jüdische Gemeinde Kiel und Region eV and Jüdische Gemeinde Kiel eV on the website of the Central Council of Jews in Germany . Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  8. ^ New cemetery for Jewish communities. Retrieved April 1, 2019 .

Coordinates: 54 ° 18 ′ 46.8 "  N , 10 ° 7 ′ 23.8"  E