Social station
Social stations , outpatient or mobile care services in Germany are facilities that temporarily care for people in need of care in their own homes for a fee. The outpatient care includes, depending on the order or medical prescription professional home care or nursing .
The service companies are supported by municipal or church institutions of voluntary welfare (e.g. Arbeiterwohlfahrt , German Red Cross , Caritas and Diakonie ) or private commercial providers (in different corporate forms e.g. as individual companies, GbR, GmbH). Their approval is regulated by the fifth or eleventh book of the Social Security Code.
Historically, social stations were initially much more widespread as a form of church service, which can still be found in the naming of some Protestant institutions as "Diakonie-Station". Originally, the remuneration for the church members or nursing association members who provided services did not cover costs. This regulation has been adapted to the newer social legislation.
The focus of the help is the whole person in the interplay of body, soul and social environment. The social station should not only provide personal hygiene and medical treatment; Nursing action should also be oriented towards the social, emotional and cultural needs of the person in need of care. In his familiar environment, individual care and care is the sensible addition to and alongside medical services . People often feel most comfortable at home and that contributes significantly to improvement, recovery and well-being. Outpatient care is usually preferred to inpatient care (e.g. in a nursing home for the elderly ).
history
The first social station in the Federal Republic of Germany was established in 1970 with St. Lioba in Worms . It was a novel response to the withdrawal of the nuns from community nursing due to the lack of young people . The pastor and then Caritas rector in Mainz Günter Emig is one of the co-inventors of this institution . Here religious and lay sisters worked together, the sponsor was a registered association founded for this purpose.
Types of utility services
The home for the elderly and nursing may include:
- Treatment care according to medical prescription and care after surgical measures
- Advice on all questions about long-term care insurance and the financing of benefits
- Basic care for the seriously and long-term sick of all ages (as care in kind )
- domestic care and care services (as care in kind)
- Help with applications (social counseling)
- Care advice, care instructions and discussion groups for caring relatives (relatives work)
- Pastoral support (as a special feature of the church social stations)
- and other locally offered services or their coordination (e.g. driving services, housekeeping, meals on wheels / meal service). The costs for the services are either borne entirely by the recipient of the service themselves or, minus a fixed additional payment, by the relevant insurance company (statutory or private health insurance or long-term care insurance).
Special features of outpatient service provision
Employees of the outpatient care service / the social station not only look after those in need of care, but often only provide partial services such as applying bandages or preparing the tablets / medication for the day for people who are otherwise self-employed. The main burden of care for most patient groups lies mostly with caregivers.
The employees of the outpatient services usually look after several people one after the other during the day, whereby the duration and frequency of the "visits" can be 1 to 5 times a day, but also all day, depending on the agreement or need. Often it is only 1 visit or, less often, 1 × in the morning and less in the late afternoon. In the area of outpatient care mostly trained personnel work: z. B. hospitals or geriatric nurse / -in.
Not only old people need help, also chronically ill or disabled adults and children often need outpatient professional care by a nursing service. B. until regaining personal hygiene or when administering insulin injections .
Payment and billing options
Outpatient care services are paid for by the respective health insurance funds or the long-term care insurance company or the social welfare provider (e.g. as part of care assistance ). This depends on the type of assistance / service complex:
- the basic maintenance (as care kind) z. B. Personal care, help with dressing, undressing but also with household care (washing clothes, cleaning) is paid by the care fund , provided that the patient is at least in need of care (care level II). The level of co-payment depends on the level of care. If there is no entitlement to care benefits in kind, social assistance pays the costs of basic care as part of the care assistance.
- the nursing home care as treatment care (eg. provide as drugs / administer, change dressings, administer injections, aspiration, infusion therapy) and all other medical assistance are covered by health insurance by a doctor (§ 37 SGB V), of the social services when There is no health insurance protection according to § 48 SGB XII . The prices for the assistance / service complexes vary in the individual federal states.
Scope, market positions
In Germany in 2005 around 11,000 outpatient care services with a total of 214,000 employees were licensed as contractual partners for health and long-term care insurances and care for 472,000 people in need of care at home, compared to 980,000 people in need of care who are cared for by relatives at home. 41 percent of outpatient care services are provided by non-profit organizations, e.g. B. Diakonie, Caritas, Johanniter, Red Cross, Maltese, Lazarus relief organization, etc. operated. 58 percent are private companies. The non-profit organizations, however, are the “market leaders” in terms of size, because they look after 55 percent of those in need of care. There are large regional differences in market positions.
See also
Web links
- MDK Rhineland-Palatinate: Decision support for choosing a nursing home or outpatient nursing service (PDF; 2.3 MB)
- The Stiftung Warentest on care at home by care services (Sept. 2006)
- Outpatient care services in PflegeWiki
- Sebastian Meißner: Analysis of outpatient care services based on the cost of the service complexes nationwide [1]
Individual evidence
- ^ A b J. Otto Weber: "He was never a social manager". Günter Emig turns 80 - co-inventor of the social station and architect of the Caritas structure in the Diocese of Mainz. , Press release of the Diocesan Caritas Association Mainz of June 22, 2009; accessed on February 18, 2019
- ^ J. Otto Weber: History of the Caritas Association Worms. Caritas Association for the Diocese of Mainz e. V., 2016, pp. 10-11