domestic care

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This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Care in the home environment

Home care refers to the care and domestic care of people in need of care outside of partially or fully inpatient facilities in their home environment. Home care is provided both by professional caregivers as part of outpatient care and on a voluntary basis by family members ( caring relatives ) or other people from the social environment of the person in need of care without nursing training.

Home care in a family environment is preferred by many people in need of care over inpatient care in a home in order to maintain quality of life and self-determination in the familiar environment for as long as possible.

General

In Germany, when people are in need of care, care by family members in the home environment is most common. Since nursing and care work is mostly carried out by women, it has significant implications for the gender-specific division of labor and favors constellations in which men are responsible for gainful employment and women for reproductive work. Employees whose parents or in-laws are in need of care as long as young children are still living in the household are particularly stressed; this scenario particularly affects those couples who have children late in life. The model of care work that is common in Germany, Austria and Switzerland is therefore assigned to the conservative welfare state .

Home care often takes place in cooperation with professional caregivers who can guide relatives, give advice and help with the formalities with the payers. Often, informal helpers can also be observed in this field , i. H. People who do not provide support and help out of family obligations, e.g. B. Neighbors and voluntary aid organizations. They too must be involved in the care planning of the professional services. Erich Grond speaks z. B. in the care of people suffering from dementia from five pillars, which maintain their care and are dependent on each other. “ Meals on wheels ” and social work are additional components of home care.

The employment of foreign domestic helpers as supplementary support for relatives has been a socio-political problem since the 1990s . These employment relationships are sometimes in a legal gray area or are illegal. Since May 1, 2004, within the framework of the EU's eastward expansion and the associated freedom to provide services , Eastern European companies have also been permitted to send care and household help to Germany, among other places. The increase in labor migration made possible in this way affects almost exclusively women who take on care and household tasks in the destination countries, while their own children remain in their home countries and are looked after by relatives or for a fee there. This transnational redistribution of care work is known as the global care chain.

Ambulant care

If home care is completely taken over by outpatient care services or a social station or individual care workers on a professional basis (individual care), it is outpatient care. Basic care and domestic care through outpatient care are reimbursed as care benefits in kind by long-term care insurance, while home care is reimbursed by health insurance.

Economic and legal situation in Germany

Assumption of costs

If home care is required, long-term care insurance or social assistance benefits can be used in Germany. You must have been in need of care for at least six months.

In contrast, home health care in Germany is a health insurance service that covers the outpatient basic and treatment care required in the event of acute illness, as well as domestic care. It is provided when the goal of medical treatment is to be secured in order to avoid hospital treatment or when hospital treatment is necessary but not feasible. The entitlement period for outpatient nursing care is usually four weeks per illness.

Social law situation

In Germany, home care has priority over inpatient care under long-term care insurance law ( SGB ​​XI ) and social welfare law ( SGB ​​XII ). People in need of care have, if they are at least considerably in need of care, entitlement to benefits from long-term care insurance or the social assistance provider; People suffering from dementia and disabled people can have benefits even if they require less care. In the case of home care by relatives or other private persons, the care fund or the social welfare provider pays a flat-rate care allowance to the person in need of care, who is free to use it. If professional care is used , the social service provider pays the costs up to certain maximum amounts (so-called care benefits in kind ), which are higher than the care allowance. The two types of services can be combined with one another, i. H. the care allowance is reduced according to § 38 SGB ​​XI by the percentage in which the person in need of care has claimed benefits in kind. The provision of care aids, measures to improve the living environment and benefits when the carer is prevented from doing so are also considered.

If, on the other hand, medical treatment is required, the right to home nursing through health insurance takes precedence.

Voluntary carers are insured under certain conditions. You can also take out voluntary unemployment insurance within certain periods. Volunteer carers can also take care of courses .

Situation in Austria

In Austria, home care is regulated by the Home Care Act.

See also

literature

  • Bernhard Mann: Problems in home care. Aspects of the impact of the new regulation on Book V of the Social Code . In: Deutsche Hochschulschriften Vol. 509. Hänsel-Hohenhausen. Egelsbach-Frankfurt-Washington 1994
  • Corinna Schöps: When the parents get older. In: Zeit-Magazin. May 23, 2018, accessed June 15, 2018 .
  • Gesine Arnold (pseudonym): The last big burden. In: taz.de . July 6, 2019, accessed July 9, 2019 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jeannette Otto: Child and Parental Care: Who cares? In: Die Zeit , No. 28/2017
  2. ↑ Dorothee Frings: Sexist-ethnic segregation of Cleaning product and housework in the wake of EU enlargement . In: Karin Böllert, Catrin Heite (ed.): Social policy as gender policy . 1st edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2011, p. 81-104 .
  3. ↑ Expert commission to the Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth: Fifth report on the situation of the older generation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Potential of old age in the economy and society. The contribution of older people to the cohesion of generations. August 2015, p. 30 , accessed on August 8, 2019 .