Ant hunter
| Ant hunter | ||||||||||||
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| Zodariidae | ||||||||||||
| Thorell , 1881 |
The ant hunters (Zodariidae) are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of the Zodarioidea . The family includes 83 genera and 1112 species worldwide , but only a few species of the genus Zodarion are native to Central Europe. (As of July 2016)
Description and way of life
Most members of this family hunt ants (Formicidae), but some jumping spiders (Salticidae) and smooth-bellied spiders (Gnaphosidae) also specialize in catching ants. There are Zodariidae that look like ants. Although each species resembles the species of ant it hunts, the resemblance is not very great. The spiders live near an ant nest and use their ant-like behavior to go in and out of the nest undisturbed. The spiders only walk on the three rear pairs of legs; when they encounter an ant, touch it with their front legs as an ant would with their antennae. If you have already caught an ant, offer it to the other ant; it is then mistaken for another ant that carries a dead conspecific from the nest.
Presumably, the similarity with ants also serves to protect against predators, which disdain the supposedly inedible ant.
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 83 genera and 1112 species for ant hunters. (As of July 2016)
- Acanthinozodium Denis , 1966
- Akyttara Jocqué , 1987
- Amphiledorus Jocqué & Bosmans , 2001
- Antillorena Jocqué , 1991
- Asceua Thorell , 1887
- Aschema Jocqué , 1991
- Asteron Jocqué , 1991
- Australutica Jocqué , 1995
- Ballomma Jocqué & Henrard , 2015
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Basasteron Baehr , 2003
- Basasteron leucosemum (Rainbow , 1920)
- Caesetius Simon , 1893
- Capheris Simon , 1893
- Cavasteron Baehr & Jocqué , 2000
- Chariobas Simon , 1893
- Chilumena Jocqué , 1995
- Cicynethus Simon , 1910
- Colima Jocqué & Baert , 2005
- Cryptothele L. Koch , 1872
- Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão , 1938
- Cydrela Thorell , 1873
- Cyrioctea Simon , 1889
- Diores Simon , 1893
- Dusmadiores Jocqué , 1987
- Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert , 2005
- Euasteron Baehr , 2003
- Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué , 2004
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Forsterella Jocqué , 1991
- Forsterella faceta Jocqué , 1991
- Habronestes L. Koch , 1872
- Heliconilla Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop , 2012
- Heradida Simon , 1893
- Heradion Dankittipakul & Jocqué , 2004
- Hermippus Simon , 1893
- Hetaerica Rainbow , 1916
- Holasteron Baehr , 2004
- Ishania Chamberlin , 1925
- Lachesana Beach , 1932
- Leprolochus Simon , 1893
- Leptasteron Baehr & Jocqué , 2001
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Leviola Miller , 1970
- Leviola termitophila Miller , 1970
- Lutica Marx , 1891
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Malayozodarion Ono & Hashim , 2008
- Malayozodarion hoiseni Ono & Hashim , 2008
- Mallinella Beach , 1906
- Mallinus Simon , 1893
- Masasteron Baehr , 2004
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Mastidiores Jocqué , 1987
- Mastidiores kora Jocqué , 1987
- Microdiores Jocqué , 1987
- Minasteron Baehr & Jocqué , 2000
- Neostorena Rainbow , 1914
- Nostera Jocqué , 1991
- Notasteron Baehr , 2005
- Omucukia Koçak & Kemal , 2008
- Palestina O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1872
- Palfuria Simon , 1910
- Palindroma Jocqué & Henrard , 2015
-
Parazodarion Ovtchinnikov, Ahmad & Gurko , 2009
- Parazodarion raddei (Simon , 1889)
- Pax Levy , 1990
- Pentasteron Baehr & Jocqué , 2001
- Phenasteron Baehr & Jocqué , 2001
- Platnickia Jocqué , 1991
- Procydrela Jocqué , 1999
- Psammoduon Jocqué , 1991
- Psammorygma Jocqué , 1991
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Pseudasteron Jocqué & Baehr , 2001
- Pseudasteron simile Jocqué & Baehr , 2001
- Ranops Jocqué , 1991
- Rotundrela Jocqué , 1999
- Selamia Simon , 1873
- Spinasteron Baehr , 2003
- Storena Walckenaer , 1805
- Storenomorpha Simon , 1884
- Storosa Jocqué , 1991
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Subasteron Baehr & Jocqué , 2001
- Subasteron daviesae Baehr & Jocqué , 2001
- Suffasia Jocqué , 1991
- Suffrica Henrard & Jocqué , 2015
- Systenoplacis Simon , 1907
- Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1897
- Thaumastochilus Simon , 1897
- Tropasteron Baehr , 2003
- Tropizodium Jocqué & Churchill , 2005
- Trygetus Simon , 1882
- Workmania Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop , 2012
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Zillimata Jocqué , 1995
- Zillimata scintillans (O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1869)
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Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyschchenko , 1968
- Zodariellum surprisum Andreeva & Tyschchenko , 1968
- Zodarion Walckenaer , 1826
Web links
Zodariidae in the World Spider Catalog
- A revision of the afrotropical spider genus Palfuria (Araneae, Zodariidae) (with identification key, English)
literature
- Foelix: biology of the spiders. Thieme, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-13-575801-X
- Heimer; Nentwig: Spiders of Central Europe. Paul Parey, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-489-53534-0
- Jones: The Cosmos Spider's Guide. Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-440-06141-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Zodariidae . Retrieved July 13, 2016.