Amrafel
Amrafel is King of Schinar in the Old Testament according to Gen 14.1 EU and 9 EU .
etymology
The origin of the personal name אַמְרָפֶל 'amrāfæl , German ' Amrafel ' is controversial. A derivation of the name from Ḫammurapi is probably out of the question, which is why an identification with this is difficult. In contrast, the name A-mar-pī-el can be compared.
The Septuagint gives the name as Αμαρφαλ Amarfal , the Vulgate as Amrafel , the Samaritan Pentateuch as ' Amrāfəl .
Biblical report
In Gen 14 EU a war of kings is reported. "Amrafel, the king of Shinar, Arjoch , the king of Ellasar, Kedor-Laomer , the king of Elam, and Tidal , the king of the peoples against Bera , the king of Sodom , Birscha, the king of Gomorrah, Shinab, the king of Adma, Schemeber, the king of Zebojim, and the king of Bela. ”The battle was fought in the Siddim valley .
Rabbinical tradition
In the Targum Onkelos , Amrafel is referred to as King of Babel. In the Targum pseudo-Jonathan Amrafel is identified with Nimrod and referred to as King of Pontus. He would have ordered Abraham to be thrown into the furnace. This narrative can be found both in the Talmud treatise Eruwin and in Genesis Rabba . There the name אַמְרָפֶל Amrafel is broken down into אםר amar and פל pal and interpreted as an abbreviation for amar we-hippil "he said to throw". According to the Jerusalem Targum, he is also King of Pontus.
literature
- Benjamin Ziemer: Amrafel. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (Eds.): The Scientific Biblical Lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff.
- Art. אַמְרָפֶל, In: Gesenius, 18th edition 2013 , p. 78.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Targum Onkelos Gen 14 on sefaria.org (en)
- ↑ Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Gen 14 on sefaria.org (en)
- ↑ Traktat Eruwin , 53a, p. 245 (en)
- ↑ Genesis Rabba , XLII, p. 346 (English)
- ↑ Jerusalem Targum Gen 14 on sefaria.org (en)