Anadenidae
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
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| Pilsbry , 1948 |
The Anadenidae are a family of nudibranchs from the suborder of the land snails (Stylommatophora). The few species are restricted to northern India, Pakistan, Nepal, southern China, and northern Vietnam.
features
The representatives of the Anadenidae are without exception nudibranchs with worm-shaped bodies, which are medium-sized to large nudibranchs. The original housing is reduced to a flat, oval shell plate that is completely enclosed by the jacket. This in turn takes up about half the total length of the animal and about in the middle or a little behind the middle of the coat is a breathing hole ( pneumostome ). The tail is without a keel, the back of the foot is rounded and the foot itself is undivided or only hinted at in three parts (in the longitudinal direction). The Anadenidae have a ribbed jaw and with them the insertion of the muscles of the buccal apparatus and the muscles of the tentacles are separated from each other. Her genital apparatus has a long vas deferens ( vas deferens on), the distal part has been more or less transformed significantly in a epiphallus. The internal penis has a rim ( verge ); a stimulator or other solid elements (thorns, hooks or plates) can be present and even calcified. The spermatophore is slender, rolled up, and ends in a thread-like end with a small hook.
Geographical distribution and way of life
The few species in the family are found in northern India, Pakistan, Nepal, southern China, and northern Vietnam. They live there in evergreen forests up to great heights (over 2000 m). The way of life is only known of a few species. Anadenus altivagus lives in evergreen oak forests in the Himalayan foreland of India at an altitude of approx. 2000 m. Although the animals are hermaphrodites, self-fertilization is not possible. Mating therefore takes place from July to August and the eggs are only laid after about 60–80 days (September / October). After laying eggs, the animals die. The eggs are relatively large, around 6 mm in diameter, and the young hatch 70 to 80 days after egg-laying in December and January. The reasons for hatching in winter are not known, but the hatchlings remain in the ground and hibernate. They do not leave the earth until spring and gain weight slowly at first, later more rapidly. In the following winter they hibernate again in order to mate in the following summer and to lay their eggs in autumn. The animals do not grow older than two years, even under laboratory conditions.
Systematics
Schileyko (2007) only includes two genera, albeit with several subgenera, in the family Anadenidae. In the original version, the family still contained the two North American genera Adenulus and Prophysaon . It later turned out that these two genera cannot be placed in the same family and the family was limited to the type genus Anadenus and the closely related genus Anadeninus Simroth. In total, only a little more than 20 species are known.
- Family Andenidae Pilsbry, 1948
- Genus Anadenus Heynemann, 1863 (with the subgenus Anadenus (Anadenus) Heynemann, 1863 and AnadenusSagarmathia) Kusminykh & Schileyko, 2006
- Genus Anadeninus Simroth, 1912 (with the subgenus Anadeninus (Anadeninus) Simroth, 1912, Anadeninus (Vietanadenus) Kusminykh & Schileyko, 2006, Anadeninus (Neoanadenus) Wiktor, Chen & Wu, 2000)
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ PK Gupta and BP Oli: The life cycle and growth of the slug, Anadenus altivagus (Theobald) from Kumaon Himalayan forests, India. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64: 250-253, London 1998 PDF
- ↑ Alexander A. Kuzminykh, Anatoly A. Schileyko: Slugs of the family Anadenidae Pilsbry, 1948 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) with descriptions of two new subgenera and three new species. Ruthenica, 15 (2): 109-118, Moscow 2005 ISSN 0136-0027
literature
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 15 Oopeltidae, Anadenidae, Arionidae, Philomycidae, Succineidae, Athoracophoridae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (15): 2049-2210, Moscow 2007 ISSN 0136-0027