Arionoidea
| Arionoidea | ||||||||||||
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Banana snail ( Ariolimax columbianus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Arionoidea | ||||||||||||
| J. Gray , 1840 |
The Arionoidea are a superfamily from the subordination of land snails (Stylommatophora). Most of them are nudibranchs and some "half-slugs". Most of the time, the rest of the case is in the jacket, only one type is almost completely external.
features
The cases are greatly reduced and covered by the jacket. Only one species still has a small, ear-shaped and externally located housing, into which the animal can no longer withdraw. In the other forms, only a more or less calcified lime platelet is left. In some forms, the calcification is largely reduced and the horny plate is encrusted with a few calcified bodies. The bodies are worm-shaped; in habitus it is nudibranchs and "half-slugs". When stretched out, representatives of the Arionoidea can reach a length of almost 25 cm. Most of the shapes are much smaller and stay under 10 cm. The hermaphroditic genital tract tends toward secondary simplification. In the Philomycidae the love arrow sack or in the Arionidae the penis is missing . The epiphallus can also be present or reduced.
Geographical distribution and way of life
The superfamily originally occurred on all continents with the exception of Australia (and Antarctica). Many species have now been introduced around the world. Above all, the representatives of the family of slugs (Arionidae), which were originally distributed in the Holarctic , can now be found in almost all temperate regions of the world. Among the Arionoidea there are mainly herbivores that eat fresh, withered or dead plant material, fungus and algae eaters, also scavengers, but not exclusively carnivorous forms.
Systematics
The superfamily Arionoidea is divided into six families by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005); Schileyko (2007) only recognizes five families:
- Superfamily Arionoidea Gray, 1840
- Slugs family Arionidae Gray, 1840
- Family Ariolimacidae Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898 (Schileyko lists this taxon as a subfamily of the Arionidae)
- Subfamily Ariolimacinae Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1898
- Subfamily Zacoleinae Webb, 1959 (not recognized as a subfamily by Schileyko)
- Family Anadenidae Pilsbry, 1948
- Subfamily Anadeninae Pilsbry, 1948
- Family Binneyidae Cockerell, 1891 (is seen by Schileyko as a subfamily of the Arionidae)
- Family Oopeltidae Cockerell, 1891
- Subfamily Oopeltinae Cockerell, 1891
- Subfamily Ariopeltinae Sirgel, 1985
- Family Philomycidae Gray, 1847
Phylogeny
In the pulmonary cladogram by Wade et al. (2006) based on an analysis of ribosomal (r) RNA, the Arionoidea are the sister group of the Limacoidea . However, this position is based on the analysis of only a few arionoid taxa.
swell
Individual evidence
literature
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 15 Oopeltidae, Anadenidae, Arionidae, Philomycidae, Succineidae, Athoracophoridae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (15): 2049-2210, Moscow 2007 ISSN 0136-0027
- Christopher M. Wade, Peter B. Mordan, and Fred Naggs: Evolutionary relationships among the Pulmonate land snails and slugs (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87: 593-610, Oxford 2006 doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2006.00596.x
