Anatolian bee
| Anatolian bee | ||||||||||||
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| Apis mellifera anatoliaca | ||||||||||||
| Maa , 1953 |
The Anatolian honey bee ( Apis mellifera anatoliaca ; also A. m. Anatolica ) is a subspecies of the western honeybees native to Anatolia .
distribution
The Anatolian honey bee is widespread on the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey ), most of which is inhabited by it. In the European part of Turkey its area borders on that of Apis mellifera carnica . The Caucasian subspecies Apis mellifera caucasica lives in the north-east of the country, in the mountains and on the Black Sea coast north of Erzurum . The Persian subspecies Apis mellifera meda already lives in south-east Turkey . Contrary to earlier assumptions, the subspecies Apis mellifera syriaca also occurs in the extreme south of the country. The subspecies are connected at the margins of distribution by transitional forms, genetic and morphometric assignments do not match in all cases.
properties
The Anatolian bee has a comparatively small phenotype, with rather light color variations. It is smaller than caucasica but larger than meda . Bee subspecies overlap widely in terms of their characteristics, they can only be differentiated by synchronous measurement and the comparison of numerous measured values, by morphometry ; the methodology goes back to the beekeeper Friedrich Ruttner . Above all, measuring points on the wings and the angles between wing veins are measured and offset against each other according to certain regulations. Various methods are used for this. The morphometric differentiation of the subspecies is difficult and the assignment of many regional forms depends on the exact measurement method.
According to Karl Kehrle (brother Adam), the Anatolian bee is considered to be resistant to diseases, is economical with the food supply and does not have too much winter losses. Because of these characteristics, they were included in the hybrid crossbreeding programs that led to the breeding of the Buckfast bee .
Together with the Caucasian breed, it tends to use putty resin heavily .
Classification
According to Ruttner's morphological classification, the subspecies belongs to the group of Middle Eastern bee races. However, recent genetic studies contradict this. These have clearly shown in numerous independent studies that the Anatolian bee is more closely related to the Southeast European bees around the Carinthian bee Apis mellifera carnica .
Historic beekeeping in the Middle East
During the excavations in Tel Rehov, Israel, 3,000-year-old beehives were found that still contained the remains of honey bees (see the main article in Tel Rechov's beekeeping ). According to morphometric measurements, it was Apis mellifera anatoliaca . This is particularly noteworthy because the subspecies is not naturally widespread in this region and, according to all information, was not even then. So it must have been introduced here by beekeepers. This is believed to be because it is far better suited for beekeeping than the local syriaca subspecies .
See also
Web links
- Apis mellifera anatolica . In: Atlas Hymenoptera , accessed January 6, 2019.
- http://www.aridostlari.com/haber/2-anadolu-arisi.html (Turkish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Bagher Farshineh Adl, H. Vasfi Gençer, Çetin Firatli, Rasoul Bahreini (2007): Morphometric characterization of Iranian (Apis mellifera meda), Central Anatolian (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) and Caucasian (Apis mellifera caucasica) honey bee populations. Journal of Apicultural Research and Bee World 46 (4): 225-23.
- ↑ Ayça Özkan Koca & İrfan Kandemir (2013): Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 37: 205-210. doi : 10.3906 / zoo-1104-10
- ↑ Rudolf Moosbeckhofer, Josef Ulz: The successful beekeeper. Stocker, 2002, p. 134
- ↑ Cagri Bodur, Meral Kence, Aykut Kence (2007): Genetic structure of honeybee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations of Turkey inferred from microsatellite analysis. Journal of Apicultural Research Vol. 46 (1): 50 - 56. doi : 10.3896 / IBRA.1.46.1.09
- ↑ Fulya Özdil, Ibrahim Aytekin, Fatma Ilhan, Saim Boztepe (2012): Genetic variation in Turkish honeybees Apis mellifera anatoliaca, A. m. caucasica, A. m. meda (Hymenoptera: Apidae) inferred from RFLP analysis of three mtDNA regions (16S rDNA-COI-ND5). European Journal of Entomology 109 (2): 161-167 doi : 10.14411 / eje.2012.021 (open access)
- ↑ Tel Rehov - Overview. The Beth-Valley Archaeological Project, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Retrieved on March 12, 2015 ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Guy Bloch, Tiago M. Francoy, Ido Wachtel, Nava Panitz-Cohen, Stefan Fuchs, Amihai Mazar (2010): Industrial apiculture in the Jordan valley during Biblical times with Anatolian honeybees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA vol. 107 no. 25: 11240-11244. doi : 10.1073 / pnas.1003265107 (open access)
