Friedrich Ruttner

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Friedrich Ruttner (born May 15, 1914 in Eger, Bohemia , † February 3, 1998 in Lunz am See ) was an Austrian zoologist and apologist .

Life

Friedrich Ruttner was the son of the limnologist Franz Ruttner (1882–1961). He studied medicine at the University of Vienna , but was temporarily excluded from studying in 1936 because of illegal activities for National Socialism . Ruttner received his doctorate in 1938 and became a member of the NSDAP (membership number 6360728). In 1939 he worked at the hereditary biological research institute of the driving school of the German medical profession of Hermann Boehm in Alt Rehse . As a former member of the SA, SS or NSDAP, he was dismissed from university service in 1945 by order of the Allies. He then built up a career as a beekeeper: his father Franz Ruttner, head of the biological station located there, founded a working group "Bee Genetics" in Lunz together with Friedrich and his brother Hans (1919–1979; graduate of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna) in 1948 “The Biological Station Lunz ; this was spun off in 1957 as the "Institute for Apiculture" and later subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture as the Federal Institute for Apiculture . In 1948 the first evidence of multiple mating of the queen bee during the wedding flight took place here . During this time he also studied zoology at the University of Vienna.

In 1965, Friedrich Ruttner was appointed professor of zoology in the Department of Biology at the University of Frankfurt . From November 1964 until his retirement in 1981 he also headed the Institute for Apiculture in Oberursel .

In 1977 the first Varroa mites were discovered in Germany by the Oberursel researchers who tried to test antidotes. Ruttner maintained intensive research contacts with scientists and beekeepers from all over the world. Together with his French colleague Jean Louveaux , he founded the specialist journal Apidologie in 1970 , today one of the most important bee science journals. Ruttner's breeding approaches and the introduction of artificial insemination for the queen had a lasting influence on beekeeping in Germany and Austria.

Ruttner wrote a. a. the standard apiculture work, natural history of honey bees . He further developed the method of morphometry to differentiate between bee subspecies. The characteristics of these overlap to such an extent that they can only be distinguished by synchronous measurement and the comparison of numerous measured values. Above all, measuring points on the wings and the angles between wing veins are measured and offset against each other according to certain regulations. The morphometric differentiation of the subspecies is difficult, however, and the assignment of many regional forms depends on the exact measurement method.

Web links

literature

  • Friedrich Ruttner: Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer, Berlin 1988 (English).
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Breeding techniques and selection for breeding of the honeybee. British Isles Bee Breeders' Association, 1988 (English).
  • Friedrich Ruttner: The instrumental insemination of the queen bee. Apimondia Dr.- u. Verl.-Haus, Bucharest 1969.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: The breeding selection in the bee. Instructions for licensing and placement practice. Lower Austrian beekeeping school, Wiener Neustadt 1963.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: The breeding selection in the bee. Ehrenwirth, Munich 1967.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Historical development of the beehive. Apimondia, Bucharest 1979.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Însămîn ţarea artificială a mătcii. Editura Apimondia, Bucureşti 1976, Ed. a 2-a, rev., ed. / sub conducerea F. Ruttner (Romanian).
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Institute for Apiculture (Polytechnic Society) of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Institute for Apiculture. Frankfurter Sparkasse from 1822, Frankfurt am Main 1977.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Queen breeding. Apimondia Publishing House, Bucharest 1980.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Natural history of honey bees. Ehrenwirth, Munich 1992.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Natural history of honey bees. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, 2nd edition.
  • Friedrich Ruttner: Breeding technology and breeding selection in the bee. Ehrenwirth, Munich 1973–1996, 3–7. Edition.
  • Roy A. Grout, Friedrich Ruttner: Prey and bee. Ehrenwirth, Munich 1971.

Individual evidence

  1. Steffen Rückl: Ludwig Armbruster. Apologist at Berlin University forcibly retired by the National Socialists in 1934 . Berlin 2015. p. 52.
  2. Thomas Maibaum: The leadership school of the German medical profession Alt-Rehse , University of Hamburg, Hamburg 2007. Dissertation ( pdf ), p. 125.
  3. Steffen Rückl: Ludwig Armbruster. Apologist at Berlin University forcibly retired by the National Socialists in 1934 . Berlin 2015. p. 53.
  4. ^ Hermann Pechhacker: The apology in Austria. In: Denisia. 8th year, 2003, pp. 15–45 ( Beekeeping Department Lunz am See on p. 32; 10th people who have made an outstanding contribution to Austrian apiculture in practice and science on pp. 36–44; Ruttner, Prof. Dr. Friedrich & Ruttner, Dipl.-Ing.Hans on p. 43; PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  5. Hans Ruttner, Friedrich Ruttner: Studies on the flight activity and the mating behavior of the drones. V. drone assembly areas and mating distance. (PDF) In: Apidologie 3, No. 3, 1972, pp. 203-232.
  6. Friedrich Ruttner: Drones from Apis cerana Fabr. At a drone assembly point. In: Apidologie 4, No. 1, 1973, pp. 41-44.
  7. a b c Fridolin Gnädinger The Beekeeping Organization and Prof. Dr. Dr. Friedrich Ruttner Apidologie 15 (2) (1984): 91-98.
  8. Friedrich Ruttner, Wolfgang Ritter: The penetration of Varroa jacobsoni into Europe in retrospect. In: General German beekeeping newspaper. Volume 14, No. 5, 1980, pp. 130-134.
  9. ^ Friedrich Ruttner: On the question of sperm transfer in the queen bee. In: Insectes Sociaux , 3 (2), 1956, pp. 351-359.
  10. ^ Friedrich Ruttner: Natural history of honey bees , Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1992. ISBN 3-440-09125-2
  11. Ayça Özkan Koca & İrfan Kandemir (2013): Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 37: 205-210. doi : 10.3906 / zoo-1104-10