Andrea Pisano
Andrea Pisano (* around 1290 in Pontedera near Pisa , † around 1348 in Orvieto ), also known as Andrea da Pontedera , was an Italian sculptor , goldsmith and architect .
He was the most important Italian sculptor of the Trecento.
life and work
Andrea Pisano first learned the craft of goldsmithing. Around 1300 he became a student of Mino di Giovanni and worked with him on the sculptures for Santa Maria della Spina in Pisa , but also in other places. He created his main works in Florence .
His style was shaped more by the example of Giotto di Bondone's painting than by his previous master.
In the years 1330–1336 he created the oldest south bronze door of the Baptistery of Florence (the other two are by Lorenzo Ghiberti ) - the only work that is certain to have survived. The other works carried under his name were attributed to him because of their resemblance to the bronze door or written records (especially by Vasari). The door is made of a series of small square bronze panels. The lower eight contain individual seated figures of the virtues, the remaining scenes from the life of John the Baptist . The signature is ANDREA UGOLINI NINI DE PISIS, "Andrea (son) of Ugolino (son) of Nino from Pisa". Andrea's father Ugolino had been a notary in Pontedera near Pisa.
During his stay in Florence, Andrea Pisano probably also created important marble sculptures; they all show a strong Giotto influence.
In 1340 he got the job of master builder of the city of Florence as successor to Giotto, who died in 1337, and continued the construction of the campanile of the cathedral of Florence which he had begun. There, a number of reliefs, especially in the base zone, are ascribed to him, which Giotto may have designed; for example the double band reliefs of the great bell tower. These address the four great prophets , the seven virtues , the seven sacraments , the seven works of mercy and the seven planets .
The Florence Duomo contains many other marble works designed by Giotto and executed by Pisano.
In 1347 he became a master builder at Orvieto Cathedral . He worked on the facade, which had already been designed and begun by Lorenzo Maitani, and created a marble statue of the Virgin Mary. Remnants of it and an angel torso are exhibited in the local museum.
Andrea Pisano had two sons: Nino Pisano (1315–1370), who succeeded in succeeding his father as master builder at Orvieto Cathedral. And Tommaso Pisano who was able to make a name for himself, among other things, by completing the Leaning Tower of Pisa in 1372 based on the plans of Bonanno Pisano .
In his biographies of the most important Italian artists, Giorgio Vasari also reports on the Pisano family of sculptors. There is no evidence of any family ties to the older masters Nicola and Giovanni Pisano .
Pisano's most important student was Andrea di Cione , better known as Andrea Orcagna . Another well-known student, Giovanni di Balduccio , carried out the work on the shrine of Sant'Eustorgio in Milan .
literature
- Gert Kreytenberg: Andrea Pisano and the Tuscan Sculpture of the 14th Century , Munich 1984 (Italian Research 3), ISBN 3-7654-1944-3
- Anita Fiderer Moskowitz: The sculpture of Andrea and Nino Pisano. Cambridge University Press 1986, ISBN 0-521-30754-6
- Otto Kammerlohr: Epochs of Art. From Carolingian art to late Gothic. Volume 2, Munich 1997
- Joachim Poeschke : The sculpture of the Middle Ages in Italy. Volume 2: Gothic. Hirmer, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7774-8400-8 .
Web links
- Andrea Pisano. In: Enciclopedie on line. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mystery of the builder of the Leaning Tower of Pisa solved Salzburger Nachrichten , December 18, 2019
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Pisano, Andrea |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian sculptor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1290 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pontedera |
| DATE OF DEATH | around 1348 |
| Place of death | Orvieto |