Antheraea

Antheraea
Antheraea godmani
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera) Family : Peacock moth (Saturniidae) Subfamily : Saturniinae Genre : Antheraea
Scientific name
Antheraea
Huebner , 1819

Antheraea is a genus of butterflies ( moths ) from the family of the peacock moth (Saturniidae). The caterpillars of some Asian species have or had commercial importance and have been bred for centuries for their spider silk.

features

The moths of the genus are very large and yellowish to brownish in color. There are large discal spots on the fore and hind wings. There are no significant differences in wing markings between the sexes. The antennae are fourfold comb-shaped, in the males they are very broad and feather-like, in the females they are narrow.

The caterpillars are green and have convex segments with distinct but reduced spines or hairs. They pupate in a large, sturdy egg-shaped cocoon with no loophole. In order to leave the cocoon, the hatching moths release a proteinase that breaks down the spider silk.

Systematics

The type species of the genus is Phalaena mylitta Drury , 1773.

• Antheraea alleni Holloway , 1987
• Antheraea alorensis U. Paukstadt & L. h. Paukstadt , 2005
• Antheraea andamana Moore , 1877
• Antheraea angustomarginata Brechlin & Meister , 2009
• Antheraea banggaiana Brechlin , 2014
• Antheraea billitonensis Moore , 1878
• Antheraea broschi Naumann , 2001
• Antheraea brunei Allen & Holloway , 1986
• Antheraea cadioui Naumann , 2010
• Antheraea castanea Jordan , 1910
• Antheraea celebensis Watson , 1915
• Antheraea cernyi Brechlin , 2002
• Antheraea cihangiri Naumann & Nässig , 1998
• Antheraea cingalesa Moore , 1883
• Antheraea compta Rothschild , 1899
• Antheraea cordifolia Weymer , 1906
• Antheraea crypt Chu & Wang , 1993
• Antheraea diehli Lemaire , 1979
• Antheraea exspectata Brechlin , 2000
• Antheraea fickei Weymer , 1909
• Antheraea frithi Moore , 1859
• Antheraea fusca Rothschild , 1903
• Antheraea gephyra Niepelt , 1926
• Antheraea godmani ( Druce , 1892)
• Antheraea gschwandneri Niepelt , 1918
• Antheraea gulata Nässig & Treadaway , 1998
• Antheraea hagedorni Naumann & Lourens , 2008
• Antheraea halconensis U. Paukstadt & Brosch , 1996
• Antheraea harndti Naumann , 1999
• Antheraea helferi Moore , 1859
• Antheraea hollowayi Nässig & Naumann , 1998
• Antheraea imperator Watson , 1913
• Antheraea insularis Watson , 1913
• Antheraea jakli Naumann , 2008
• Antheraea jana ( Stoll , 1782)
• Antheraea jawabaratensis Brechlin & Paukstadt , 2010
• Antheraea kageri U. Paukstadt , L. Paukstadt & Suhardjono , 1997
• Antheraea kalabahiensis Naumann , 2010
• Antheraea kalangensis Brechlin & Meister , 2009
• Antheraea kelimutuensis U. Paukstadt , L. Paukstadt & Suhardjono , 1997
• Antheraea knyvetti Hampson , 1893
• Antheraea korintjiana Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea lampei Nässig & Holloway , 1989
• Antheraea larissa ( Westwood , 1847)
• Antheraea larissoides Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea loeffleri Naumann , 2010
• Antheraea lorosae M.D. Lane , Naumann & DA Lane , 2004
• Antheraea meisteri Brechlin , 2002
• Antheraea mentawai Nässig , Lampe & Kager , 2002
• Antheraea mexicana ( Hoffmann , 1942)
• Antheraea mezops Bryk , 1944
• Antheraea minahassae Niepelt , 1926
• Antheraea mindanarissa Brechlin , 2014
• Antheraea mindoroensis U. Paukstadt & Brosch , 1996
• Antheraea montezuma ( Salle , 1856)
• Antheraea moultoni Watson , 1927
• Antheraea myanmarensis U. Paukstadt , L. Paukstadt & Brosch , 1998
• Antheraea mylitta ( Drury , 1773)
• Antheraea mylittoides Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea mindanarissa Brechlin , 2014
• Antheraea oculea ( Neumoegen , 1883)
• Antheraea pahangensis Brechlin & Paukstadt , 2010
• Antheraea paniki Nässig & Treadaway , 1998
• Antheraea paphia Linnaeus , 1758
• Antheraea pasteuri Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea paukpelengensis Brechlin & Meister , 2009
• Antheraea paukstadtorum Naumann , Holloway & Nässig , 1996
• Antheraea pedunculata Bouvier , 1936
• Antheraea pelengensis Brechlin , 2000
• Antheraea pernyi ( Guérin-Méneville , 1855)
• Antheraea perrottetii ( Guérin-Méneville , 1843)
• Antheraea philippirissa Treadaway & Wet , 1997
• Antheraea platessa Rothschild, 1903
• Antheraea polyphemus ( Cramer , 1775)
• Antheraea pratti Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea prelarissa Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea puncakensis Brechlin , 2014
• Antheraea raffrayi Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea ranakaensis U. Paukstadt , L. Paukstadt & Suhardjono , 1997
• Antheraea rolfei Naumann , 2010
• Antheraea rosemariae Holloway , Nässig & Naumann , 1995
• Antheraea rosieri ( Toxopeus , 1940)
• Antheraea rubicunda Brechlin , 2009
• Antheraea rudloffi Brechlin , 2002
• Antheraea rumphii ( fields , 1861)
• Antheraea sahi Nässig & Treadaway , 1998
• Antheraea schroederi U. Paukstadt , Brosch & L. Paukstadt , 1999
• Antheraea semperi C. Felder & R. Felder , 1861
• Antheraea sergestus Westwood , 1881
• Antheraea steinkeorum U. Paukstadt , L. Paukstadt & Brosch , 1999
• Antheraea subcaeca Bouvier , 1928
• Antheraea sumatrana Niepelt , 1926
• Antheraea sumbaensis Naumann , 2010
• Antheraea sumbawaensis Brechlin , 2000
• Antheraea superba Inoue , 1964
• Antheraea surakarta Moore , 1862
• Antheraea taripaensis Naumann , Nässig & Holloway , 1996
• Antheraea tenggarensis Brechlin , 2000
• Antheraea ulrichbroschi U. Paukstadt & L. Paukstadt , 1999
• Antheraea vietnamensis Brechlin & Paukstadt , 2010
• Antheraea viridiscura Holloway , Nässig & Naumann , 1996
• Antheraea visayarissa Brechlin , 2014
• Antheraea yamamai (Guérin-Méneville , 1861)
• Antheraea youngi Watson , 1915

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b c d} Paul M. Tuskes, James P. Tuttle, Michael M. Collins (1996): The wild silk moths of North America . Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3130-1
2. ↑ Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2005): The Saturniidae the island of Alor, Indonesia, together with description of a new species: Antheraea (A.) alorensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Contributions to the knowledge of the wild silk moth (Wilhelmshaven) 3 (3): 127–145. ( Abstract ).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Brechlin, R .; Meister, F. (2009): Three new species of the genus Antheraea HÜBNER, 1819 ["1816"] from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 2 (1): 42-46.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Brechlin R. (2014): Six new species of the genus Antheraea Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 7 (1): 32-40.
5. ^ Naumann, S. (2001): Notes on some Antheraea of ​​Sundaland, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). News from the Entomological Association Apollo NF 22 (2): 67–74.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Naumann, S. (2010): Notes on taxa of the genus Antheraea Hübner, 1819 from Indonesia, with the description of five new species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). New Entomological News Supplement 2: 25–35.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Brosch, U. (1998): Taxonomic changes and comments on the taxa of the genus Antheraea Hübner [1819] from Sumatera, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 108 (8): 317-324. ( Abstract ).
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Holloway, JD; Naumann, S .; Nässig, WA (1996): The Antheraea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Sulawesi, with descriptions of new species. Part 2: The species of the frithi group. Message Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 17 (3): 225-258.
9. ↑ ^{a b c} Brechlin, R. (2002): New species of the genus Antheraea Huebner 1819 [1816] from the Andaman Islands. News from the Entomological Association Apollo NF 22 (4): 219–224.
10. ↑ ^{a b} Naumann, S .; Nässig, WA (1998): Two new species of Antheraea (Antheraea) of the helferi-group from Eastern Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 18 (4): 319-330.
11. ↑ ^{a b c} Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2000): Taxonomic changes in the helferi group of the genus Antheraea Huebner, 1819 ("1816") from Jawa, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 7: 50-56. ( Abstract ).
12. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (1997): Description of the pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea cordifolia Weymer 1906 from Sulawesi, Indonesia, as well as information on biology and ecology (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 107 (4): 133-141. ( Abstract ).
13. ↑ ^{a b} Brechlin, R. (2000): Two more new Antheraea species from Sulawesi and the islands to the east (Indonesia): Antheraea (Antherae) exspectata n. Sp. and A. (A.) pelengensis n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 20 (3/4): 291-300.
14. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (2000): The pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) exspectata Brechlin, 2000 from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) 16 (3): 109-124. ( Abstract ).
15. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Nässig, WA; Treadaway, CG (1998): The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Philippines. News from the Entomological Association Apollo Supplement 17: 223–424.
16. ↑ Naumann, S .; Lourens, JH (2008): A new, unexpected species of the genus Antheraea Hübner, 1819 (1816) from Luzon Island, Philippines (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 29 (1-2): 65-70.
17. ↑ ^{a b} Paukstadt, U. & Brosch, U. (1996): Two new species of the genus Antheraea Hübner [1819] from the island Mindoro, Philippines (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 106 (12): 513-519. ( Abstract ).
18. ↑ Naumann, S. (1999): Antheraea (Antheraea) harndti n. Sp., A new Saturniid from the Chinese island of Hainan (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea. Reports of the Nuremberg Entomologists Association V. (Nuremberg) Supplement 6: 72-80.
19. ↑ Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2003): The pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) imperator Watson, 1913, from Jawa, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift (Stuttgart) 113 (1): 19-23 ( abstract ).
20. ↑ Naumann, S. (2008): A new species of Antheraea Hübner, 1819 (1816) from the mangrove swamps of the Mentawai Archipelago, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 29 (1-2): 59-64.
21. ↑ ^{a b c} Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (1999): Antheraea (Antheraea) ulrichbroschi n. Sp., A new Saturniid from West Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 6: 90-98. ( Abstract ).
22. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Brechlin, R .; Paukstadt, U. (2010): Some comments on the pernyi group of the genus Antheraea HÜBNER, 1819 ["1816"] with a description of new species (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 3 (2): 5-12.
23. ↑ Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Suhardjono, YR (1997): Antheraea (Antheraea) kageri n. Sp., A new Saturniid (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Entomological Journal 107 (2): 53-59. ( Abstract ).
24. ↑ ^{a b} Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Suhardjono, YR (1997): Antheraea (Antheraea) ranakaensis n. Sp. and Antheraea (Antheraea) kelimutuensis n. sp., two new Saturniids from the island of Flores, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 107 (7): 265-276. ( Abstract ).
25. ↑ Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2000): Description of the unknown female of Antheraea (Antheraea) kelimutuensis U. Paukstadt, LH Paukstadt & Suhardjono, 1997 from Flores, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 8: 3–5. ( Abstract ).
26. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (2000): Description of the preimaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) kelimutuensis U. Paukstadt, LH Paukstadt & Suhardjono, 1997 from Flores, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 8: 6-21. ( Abstract ).
27. ↑ ^{a b} Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Brosch, U. (2000): Taxonomic changes in the taxa of the larissa complex (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Antheraea). Entomological Journal 110 (3): 71-72. ( Abstract ).
28. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (2002): The pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) larissa (Westwood, 1847) from Java, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). News from the Entomological Association Apollo (Frankfurt am Main) 23 (1/2): 59–64. ( Abstract ).
29. ^ Lane, MD; Naumann, S. & Lane, DA (2004): A new species of Antheraea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from East Timor. Australian Entomologist 31 (3): 123-130.
30. ↑ Paukstadt, U .; Brosch, U. & Paukstadt, LH (1999): Taxonomic Notes on Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) mezops Bryk 1944 (rev. Stat.), From Myanmar and Vietnam, as well as the description of the unknown female (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 109 (11): 450-457. ( Abstract ).
31. ↑ Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Brosch, U. (1998): Antheraea (Antheraea) myanmarensis n. Sp., A new Saturniid from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 108 (2): 57-64. ( Abstract ).
32. ↑ Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2003): Critical remarks on the status change in Antheraea (A.) myanmarensis U. Paukstadt, LH Paukstadt & Brosch, 1998 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Contributions to the knowledge of the wild silk moth (Wilhelmshaven) 1 (1): 6–12. ( Abstract ).
33. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (2000a): Description of the preimaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) pasteuri Bouvier, 1928 [or another closely related taxon] from Lombok, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. Suppl. 7: 7-18. ( Abstract ).
34. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (1999): The description of the pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) platessa W. Rothschild, 1903 from North Borneo, as well as information on biology and ecology (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 6: 13-22. ( Abstract ).
35. ↑ Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Naumann, S. (2000): Antheraea (Antheraea) roylii korintjiana Bouvier, 1928 and A. (A.) pratti Bouvier, 1928 - two first records for the fauna of Jawa, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 110 (4): 104-105. ( Abstract ).
36. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (2000): The description of the preimaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraea) raffrayi Bouvier, 1928 from Bali, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) 16 (4): 129-138. ( Abstract ).
37. ↑ Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2002): Contribution to the knowledge of Antheraea (A.) raffrayi Bouvier, 1928 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the Nuremberg Entomologists Association (Nuremberg) Supplement 12: 65–69. ( Abstract ).
38. ↑ Holloway, JD; Nässig, WA & Naumann, S. (1995): The Antheraea Hübner (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Sulawesi, with descriptions of new species. Part 1: Antheraea (Antheraea) rosemariae n. Sp. Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 16 (2-3): 297-308.
39. ↑ Paukstadt, LH; Paukstadt, U. (1996): Description of the pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea rosemariae Holloway, Nässig & Naumann 1995 from Sulawesi, Indonesia, as well as information on biology and ecology (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomological Journal 106 (12): 481-487. ( Abstract ).
40. ↑ Brechlin R. (2009): Antheraea rubicunda rubiorientalis n. Ssp., A new taxon of the genus Antheraea HÜBNER 1819 ["1816"] (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomo-Satsphingia 2 (2): 25-29.
41. ↑ Brechlin, R. (2009): An annotated checklist of the Saturniidae and Brahmaeidae (Lepidoptera) of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Entomo-Satsphingia 2 (1): 47-55.
42. ↑ Brechlin, R. (2001): Description of the previously unknown female of Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) sahi Nässig & Treadaway 1998 stat. nov. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). News from the Entomological Association Apollo NF 22 (1): 37–40.
43. ↑ Paukstadt, U .; Brosch, U. & Paukstadt, LH (1999): Antheraea (Antheraea) schroederi n. Sp., A new Saturniid from the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 6: 23-32. ( Abstract ).
44. ↑ Paukstadt, U .; Paukstadt, LH & Brosch, U. (1999): Antheraea (Antheraea) steinkeorum n. Sp., A new Saturniid from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 6: 81-89. ( Abstract ).
45. ↑ ^{a b} Brechlin, R. (2000): Two new species of the genus Anthraea Huebner [1816] from the western Lesser Sundain Islands, Indonesia: Antheraea (Antheraea) tenggarensis n. Sp. and A. (A.) sumbawaensis n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Entomol. Ver. Apollo NF 21 (1): 38-44.
46. ↑ Paukstadt, LH & Paukstadt, U. (2001): Description of the pre-imaginal stages of Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) youngi Watson, 1915 from Jawa, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 10: 17-33. ( Abstract ).
47. ↑ Paukstadt, U. & Paukstadt, LH (2001): Description of the unknown female of Antheraea (Antheraeopsis) youngi Watson, 1915 from Jawan populations (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Galathea reports of the circle of Nuremberg entomologists e. V. (Nuremberg) Suppl. 10: 69-71. ( Abstract ).

Web links

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• Saturniidae-web