Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard

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Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard

Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard (born February 7, 1768 in Sompuis (Département Marne), † November 27, 1825 in Paris ) was a French doctor. He was the younger brother of the French philosopher and politician Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard .

Live and act

Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard, intended by his parents for the spiritual life, was trained first in the local college, then in Lyon in the order of the oratory ("congrégation de l'Oratoire"). At the age of 21 he got a chair in Lyon in 1792. From 1791 to 1792 he published a political journal ("Le surveillant") directed against the city's Jacobins . After August 10, 1792 he served in the Armée des Alpes in the administration of provisions. On September 2, 1794, he married Jeanne-Françoise-Victorine de Piolenc, who came from a noble family but was destitute, and began studying medicine, which he completed in Paris in 1802 with a doctorate. In 1803 he founded the journal “Bibliothèque médicale”, which he edited for 15 years.

As the successor to Joseph Gastaldy , Royer-Collard received on January 23, 1806 the position of doctor at the insane asylum in Charenton , for which Pinel had recommended his pupil Esquirol in vain. Since the institution was reopened in 1797, François Simonnet de Coulmier had become the determining person (“régisseur général”) and, together with Gastaldy, who was open to sensual pleasures, had shifted the focus of therapy from the “physical” to the “moral”. Events such as theater performances, concerts and fireworks were used for this purpose, and inmate de Sade was significantly involved in the organization. After Royer-Collard, known for his strict moral standards, took office in Charenton, sensual pleasure was suppressed by a strict prohibition.

In August 1808, Royer-Collard wrote a report for Police Minister Joseph Fouché on the conditions in Charenton, in particular on the freedoms granted by the administrative director de Coulmier to inmate de Sade . Royer-Collard judged de Sade: “This person is not crazy. His madness is vice… ”He recommended internment in a prison. In September 1808, the police minister Fouché ordered that de Sade be transferred to the Ham fortress . The surgeon Deguise, however, certified de Sade incapable of transport, and so he was able to stay in Charenton. On October 18, 1810, the Minister of the Interior issued an order that was to be implemented immediately. De Sade had to be kept separate and forbidden to have any contact inside or outside the institution. He was also deprived of paper and writing materials. De Coulmier was able to delay the implementation of this decree. On May 6, 1813, a ministerial decree put an end to theatrical performances in Charenton. On May 30, 1814, de Coulmier was replaced by the lawyer Simon Martin Grégoire de Roulhac Dumaupas in his function as administrative director in Charenton. De Sade died on December 2, 1814 in Charenton Asylum.

In 1817 Royer-Collard became professor of forensic medicine, in 1819 professor of psychiatric pathology ("pathologie mental") in Paris and in 1820 a member of the Académie de médecine. 1809-1823 he was inspector general of all medical schools in France. In 1820 the Académie de médecine accepted him as a member. After his death in 1825, Esquirol was his successor.

Works

  • Essai sur l'aménorrhée, ou suppression du flux menstruel. Gabon, Paris An X (1802) (digitized)
  • Report to ministre de l'intérieur sur les ouvrages envoyés au concours sur le croup . Paris 1812. Translated into Dutch, Rotterdam 1813.
    • Also the article Croup in the Dictionnaire des sciences médicales . Volume 7, Panckoucke, Paris 1813, pp. 412–499 (digitized version )
    • N. Meyer (translator). Treatise on the croup . Hahn, Hanover 1814 (digitized version)
  • En quoi consistent les véritables progrès de la médecine et quels sont les caractères auxquels on peut les connaître . Paris 1819

Doctors in Charenton 1797-1840

Doctor / chief physician. medicine Assistant doctor. medicine Doctor / chief physician. surgery Assistant doctor. surgery
Meditations c.jpg
1797–1805 Joseph Gastaldy 		1797-1818 F. Deguise sen.
1805 / 06-1813 Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard
1813-1825 Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard

(Chief doctor)

1813–1841 Bleynie 1819–1832 F. Deguise sen.

(Chief doctor)

1819-1843 Ramon
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol.jpg
1825 / 26–1840 Jean Étienne Esquirol 		1833-1843 JF Deguise Jr. († 1871)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Cet homme n'est pas aliéné. Son délire est celui de vice… “Expert opinion and correspondence printed in: Gilbert Lély . Vie du marquis de Sade . JJ Pauvert, Paris 1965, pp. 640-641
  2. ^ Johann Gottfried Langermann (editor). August Friedrich Schweigger. Via sick and poor institutions in Paris. JA Lübeck, Bayreuth 1809 pp. 8–87: Charenton (digitized version ) P. 153: Commentary on Charenton by JG Langermann (digitized version )
  3. ↑ Johann Ludwig Casper . Characteristic of French medicine, with comparative glimpses of English . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1822, pp. 455-462: Charenton. Royer-Collard. (Digitized version)
  4. ↑ Johann Heinrich Kopp . Medical remarks prompted by a trip to Germany and France in the spring and summer of 1824 . Hermann, Frankfurt am Main 1825, p. 146: Charenton (digitized version)
  5. ↑ Jean Étienne Esquirol. Mémoire historique et statistique sur la maison royale de Charenton . In: Annales d'hygiène publique et de médecine légale . 13 (1835), pp. 5–192 Here: pp. 27–59 (digitized version )
  6. ↑ Dieter Jetter. On the typology of the madhouse in France and Germany (1780-1840) . Steiner, Wiesbaden 1971, pp. 38-45
  7. ↑ Ute Frietsch. De Sade in Charenton . In: Ulrike Auga, Claudia Bruns, Dorothea Dornhof, Gabriele Jähnert. Demons, vamps and hysterics. Gender and race figures in knowledge, media and everyday life around 1900 . Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2011 p. 226 ff. Here: p. 227–228 (digitization restricted October 3, 2017) ISBN 978-3-8376-1572-2
  8. ↑ Laure Murat. L'homme qui se prenait pour Napoléon: Pour une histoire politique de la folie. Gallimard, Paris 2011 ... Deke Dusinberre (translation). The man who thought he was Napoleon. Toward a Political History of Madness . University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London 2014, pp. 87-105: Sade in Charenton: “This man is not insane.” (Digitization restricted October 3, 2017) ISBN 978-0-226-02573-5
personal data
SURNAME Royer-Collard, Antoine-Athanase
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French medic
DATE OF BIRTH February 7, 1768
PLACE OF BIRTH Sompuis (Marne Department)
DATE OF DEATH November 27, 1825
Place of death Paris