Antoine Baumé
Antoine Baumé (born February 26, 1728 in Senlis , † October 15, 1804 in Paris ) was a French chemist and pharmacist who invented a hydrometer , the graduation of which was named after him ( degree Baumé , unit ° Bé ).
Baumé was the son of an innkeeper, completed an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in Compiegne and from 1745 worked in Claude Joseph Geoffroy's pharmacy in Paris. After taking his master's degree in 1752, he ran a pharmacy in Paris, set up a factory for ammonium salt with Geoffroy and, from 1761, held lectures with Pierre Joseph Macquer at a chemical-pharmaceutical school he founded, which was of great importance for the development of chemistry in France. From 1770 to 1780, as the owner of a small chemical factory, he investigated clay for porcelain production, the bleaching of raw silk and the like. a. In 1787 he became an employee of the Collège de Pharmacie .
He isolated narcotine from opium (1762), synthesized diethyl ether (1757) and produced calomel from 1772 (mercury chloride, as a medication against syphilis). Baumé also examined the effects and formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, analyzed potassium sulphate, methane (swamp air) and water as well as the crystallization of salts.
The scale aerometer with the Baumé scale developed by him made it possible to determine the density of sulfuric acid or galvanic baths and was also used to measure the alcohol content. Also improved distillation equipment and Lampenöfen were designed by Baume.
In 1762 he published a widespread pharmacy textbook (Éléments de pharmacie théorique et pratique).
Baumé was a member of the Académie des Sciences from 1773 .
Works
- Eléments de pharmacie théorique et pratique , 1762
- Manuel de chymie ou exposé des opérations de la chymie et de leurs produits , 1763
- Dictionnaire des arts et métiers , 1766
- Manual of the art of scabbard ... , 1774
- Explained Experimental Chimie, Volume 2. Fritsch, Leipzig 1775 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- Elements de Pharmacie théorique et pratique . - Nouvelle Ed. - Samson, Paris 1770. Digitized edition
- Elements de Pharmacie théorique et pratique . - 3rd ed. - Samson, Paris 1773. Digitized edition
- Elements de Pharmacie théorique et pratique . - 4th ed. - Paris: Samson, 1777. Digitized edition
- Elements de Pharmacie théorique et pratique . - 5th ed. - Paris: Samson, 1784. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
literature
- Winfried Pötsch u. a. Lexicon of important chemists , Harri Deutsch 1989
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Baumé, Antoine |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French chemist and pharmacist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 26, 1728 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Senlis |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 15, 1804 |
| Place of death | Paris |